表面修饰CeF3纳米微粒的制备及摩擦学性能

在水-醇混合介质中采用阳离子共沉淀表面修饰法,制备了硬脂酸修饰的CeF3纳米微粒,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其形貌进行了表征,在四球摩擦磨损试验机上考察了CeF3纳米微粒摩擦学特性.结果表明,表面修饰CeF3纳米微粒在有机溶剂中具有良好的分散性和稳定性,作为润滑油添加剂,显示出良好的减摩、抗磨和承载性能.     

不同环境温度下典型身管用钢磨损性能研究

通过摩擦磨损、高温硬度及相应的分析试验研究了典型身管用钢32Cr2MoVA、30SiMn2MoVA在室温、200、400以及600℃下的摩擦磨损行为与规律.结果表明:两种材料的摩擦系数在各个温度区间内的区别不大,主要受摩擦氧化物产生与否影响.32Cr2MoVA的磨损率随着温度的提高先降低再提高之后又下降,30SiMn2MoVA的磨损率随着温度的上升而先降低,然后逐渐升高,600℃达到最高.温度、身管钢在高温下的硬度和磨盘材料与滑动销的高温硬度差(Hd--Hp)共同影响磨损表面氧化物层的最终形态.室温至200℃时,身管钢磨损行为主要受表面氧化物层的影响.室温下两种身管钢磨损机理均为黏着磨损及磨粒磨损,200℃时均为氧化轻微磨损.环境温度达到400℃以上时,身管钢以及磨盘材料的基体硬度开始影响磨损行为.400℃时两种身管钢磨损机理均为氧化严重磨损.600℃时,32Cr2MoVA的Hd--Hp减小,磨损表面出现了厚度很大、致密的氧化物层,磨损机理为氧化轻微磨损;而30SiMn2MoVA的Hd--Hp显著增大,试样发生了明显的塑性挤出,为塑性挤出磨损.     

强研磨性硬地层PDC孕镶块混合钻头优化设计试验研究

为更加合理地设计适用于强研磨性硬地层的混合SPDCS钻头,本文首先对东北油田、青海油田钻进火成岩地层磨损的SPDCS钻头进行收集,运用ST-500A 电子显微镜和ⅤⅢⅢ2.2C 相机测量软件分别从宏观和微观两个方面观测SPDCS切削齿的磨损形态,分析其磨损机理,找出失效原因。测量钻头冠部刨面线上切削齿的磨损高度,绘制SPDCS钻头切削齿磨损分布曲线,为SPDCS钻头的改进提供理论指导,设计并加工PDC孕镶块混合微钻头进行室内钻孔实验,研究不同切削齿出露量对钻头破岩效率的影响规律,并对PDC孕镶块混合钻头进行优化后设计了一种PDC孕镶块全尺寸混合钻头,用于东北油田辽松盆地金山区块金谷1-1HF井的基底地层钻进,相比同井段的PDC及牙轮钻头,钻速与进尺均有较大提升。     

Tribological behaviors of some polymeric materials in sea water

Ocean tribology, a new research field of tribology, is being established and developing. The investigation on the tribology in sea water has important significance to ocean exploitation. In this paper, the tribological behaviors of UHMWPE, PTFE as well as Ekonol/PTFE, graphite/PTFE and CF/PTFE sliding against GCr15 steel and Ni-Cr-WC alloy in sea water were investigated, and compared with those in pure water. Results show that the main factors that affect the tribological behaviors of five polymeric materials in sea water are the corrosive effect and lubricating effect of sea water. When polymeric materials sliding against GCr15 in sea water, owing to serious corrosion of counterface by sea water, the surface roughness of the counterface increases largely. As a result, the lubricating effect of medium decreases sharply and the plowing effect of counterface increases greatly. So the friction coefficients and wear rates of five materials sliding against GCr15 in sea water are much larger than those under other conditions. Such wear model, depending on the corrosion of counterface by medium, can be called indirect corrosive wear. Under other three conditions, owing to the more superior lubricating effect of sea water than pure water and the better wettability of Ni-Cr-WC than GCr15, the friction coefficients and wear rates of five materials increase in the following order： sliding against Ni-Cr-WC in sea water 〈 sliding against Ni-Cr-WC in pure water 〈 sliding against GCr15 in pure water. Moreover, compared with other materials, CF/PTFE is the one with more superior plowing and wear resistance in pure and sea water, which is a potential frictional material well suitable for pure and sea water lubrication.     

Numerical surface characterization of wear debris from artificial joints using atomic force microscopy

Study on surface features of wear particles generated in wear process provides an insight into the progress of material failure of artificial joints. It is very important to quantify the surface features of wear particles in three dimensions. In this study, a new approach using atomic force microscopy was proposed to carry out 3D numerical surface characterization of wear debris generated from artificial joints. Atomic force microscopy combined with image processing techniques was used to acquire appropriate 3D images of wear debris. Computerized image analysis techniques were then used to quantify surface texture features of wear debris such as surface roughness parameters and surface texture index. The method developed from the present study was found to be feasible to quantity the surface characterization of nanoand micro-sized wear debris generated from artificial joints.     

单晶硅片化学机械抛光材料去除特性

根据化学机械抛光(CMP)过程中硅片表面材料的磨损行为,建立了硅片CMP时的材料去除率模型,设计了不同成分的抛光液并进行了材料去除率实验,得出了机械、化学及其交互作用所引起的材料去除率.结果表明,磨粒的机械作用是化学机械抛光中的主要机械作用,磨粒的机械作用与抛光液的化学作用交互引起的材料去除率是主要的材料去除率.     

宽带钢热连轧机自由规程轧制的板形控制技术

针对无取向硅钢连续自由编排"批量同宽"的自由规程轧制要求,自主开发了ASR-C非对称自补偿工作辊技术.采用ANSYS建立了三维辊系有限元模型.有限元分析和工业应用试验发现,ASR-C工作辊无论是在带钢宽度变化时,还是在轧制单位完整服役期内,均具有稳定的凸度和磨损控制双重能力,同时ASR-C工作辊增强了辊缝横向刚度和弯辊力的调节效率.在武钢1 700 mm热连轧机进行了2.55 mm×1 280 mm宽幅无取向硅钢"批量同宽"轧制的ASR-C工作辊工业试验.结果表明,凸度≤45μm的带钢比例由常规工作辊的41.8%提高到98.2%,凸度>53μm的带钢比例从33.9%下降到1.8%,ASR-C工作辊辊形自保持性达到88%.ASR-C技术取得显著稳定的凸度和磨损控制效果,实现了"批量同宽"的自由规程轧制.     

网络互穿结构的碳纳米管铜基复合材料研究

在碳纳米管为骨架的明胶复合弹性体的形成过程中预埋铜粉,并经过炭化、还原、真空烧结等热处理,制备了碳纳米管-铜基复合材料.扫描电镜(SEM)照片表明,碳纳米管与铜基形成了网络互穿的结构.摩擦学试验结果表明,随着碳纳米管的质量分数从0%增加到9%,复合材料的耐摩擦性能得到了很大的改善.     

基于Archard理论的挤压次数对模具磨损量的影响分析

针对前次挤压对后次挤压的模具磨损有着显著影响,模具的总磨损量并不与单次磨损量呈简单的线性关系,将考虑温度影响的Archard磨损计算修正模型与有限元数值模拟分析方法相结合,预测铝合金挤压过程中模具表面磨损最严重的部位,建立该部位磨损量与挤压次数之间的确切关系,并由此提出一种考虑挤压次数影响的总磨损量计算公式.     

高速牙轮钻头轴承表面强化技术实验研究

针对目前牙轮钻头因轴承耐磨性差、寿命短而不能适应高速钻井需要的问题,应用表面工程技术和摩擦学的相关理论,开展了牙轮钻头滑动轴承表面强化工艺和材料的系列实验研究,并测试其性能。进行了组织结构分析和耐磨性、耐冲击性能等实验研究。几种方法的对比实验表明：采用等离子堆焊DH-60粉末后轴承表面涂层致密、孔隙率低、组织结构致密、缺陷少、涂层与基体材料的结合强度高,并且磨损量较小,磨损后试样基本无裂纹等缺陷,耐磨性提高30%左右,可以有效提高牙轮钻头轴承的使用寿命。