鱼用核酸疫苗研究进展

核酸疫苗是20世纪90年代初发展起来的一种新型疫苗。虽然目前核酸疫苗的研究还处于试验阶段,却体现出巨大的优越性和应用前景。就核酸疫苗的作用机理、鱼用核酸疫苗的构建、接种的方法和途径、免疫效果以及安全性问题的研究作了概括。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒M蛋白基因疫苗的构建及在小鼠的免疫试验

从PRRSV野毒株细胞培养上清提取RNA，用RT-PCR的方法扩增出M蛋白基因片段（525bp），并将该基因克隆到pMD18-T载体，测序结果与PRRSV BJ-4等株同源性最接近．以pIRES-neo为载体，构建表达PRRSVM蛋白的基因疫苗，按100μg／只的DNA量免疫小鼠，二免后二周抗体水平显著高于同期免疫空载体pIRES～neo组，于免疫后14、28、42天后均能检测到较高的细胞免疫水平．这说明表达M蛋白的基因疫苗能够刺激机体产生免疫应答．     

Antibodies induced by multi?epitope vaccine showed inhibitory activity against heterologous influenza A virus (H3N2)

In this study, recognition of 4 recombinant viral proteins (GST?NHA1) by the antibodies induced by multi?epitope vaccine was testified. Inhibitory activities of these antibodies were also investigated in vitro against four heterologous influenza A viruses (H3N2). Three epitope?specific antibodies purified by affinity chromatography could reduce the plaque formation. Interestingly, the three neutralizing antibodies in combination showed obvious enhancement of inhibitory activity, suggesting that the development of recombinant multi?epitope vaccine might be an effective way against viral mutation.     

Genome sequence variation analysis of two SARS coronavirus isolates after passage in Vero cell culture

SARS coronavirus is an RNA virus whose replication is error-prone, which provides possibility for escape of host defenses, and even leads to evolution of new viral strains during the passage or the transmission. Lots of variations have been detected among different SARS-CoV strains. And a study on these variations is helpful for development of efficient vaccine. Moreover, the test of nucleic acid characterization and genetic stability of SARS-CoV is important in the research of inactivated vaccine. The whole genome sequences of two SARS coronavirus strains after passage in Vero cell culture were determined and were compared with those of early passages, respectively. Results showed that both SAPS coronavirus strains have high genetic stability, although nearly 10 generations were passed. Four nucleotide variations were observed between the second passage and the llth passage of Sinol strain for identification of SARS inactivated vaccine. Moreover, only one nucleotide was different between the third passage and the 10th passage of Sino3 strain for SARS inactivated vaccine. Therefore, this study suggested it was possible to develop inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV in the future.     

求解单级多资源约束生产批量计划问题的免疫遗传算法

通过对单级多资源约束生产批量计划问题(SLCLSP)模型进行分析,提出了基于免疫遗传算法(IGA)求解该问题的方法.此算法在保留基本遗传算法(SGA)随机全局搜索能力的基础上,借鉴生物免疫机制中抗体的多样性保持策略,大大提高了算法的群体多样性.实验结果表明,免疫遗传算法可有效改善基本遗传算法的未成熟收敛和局部搜索能力差的缺点,具有很好的全局收敛能力,使全局收敛性及收敛速度两方面均得到提高,能有效解决SLCLSP问题.     

Immune response in cattle inoculated with the recombinant complete polyprotein of foot-and-mouth disease virus from Bombyx mori larvae

The intact open reading frame (ORF) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) Asia I/XJ strain was am- plified by RT-PCR and inserted into the transfer vector pVL1393 to generate plasmid pVL-ORF. Bm-N cells were transfected with pVL-ORF and linearized Bm-BacPAK6 DNA, and the recombinant silkworm baculovirus Bm-ORF containing the full ORF of FMDV was obtained. The results of indirect im- munofluorescence assay (IFA) showed that Bm-ORF could be expressed efficiently in Bm-N cell. After inoculating the early 5th instar larvae of silkworm, the polyprotein of FMDV could be detected by sandwich ELISA and empty capsid-like particles could be observed under the electron microscope. Expression products from silkworm were used as the antigen to immunize the cattle. The specific an- tibody was induced in all vaccinated animals. The immunized cattle were challenged with the virulent FMDV Asia I/XJ strain, two of the four cattle were completely protected and clinical symptoms were alleviated and delayed in the others. The results suggest that this strategy might be used to develop the new subunit FMDV vaccine.     

gD2 DNA疫苗诱导细胞免疫应答

用生殖器疱疹gD2 DNA疫苗pcDNA3-gD转染哺乳动物细胞COS-7,鉴定gD表达．再用其免疫BALB／c小鼠,测定脾细胞增殖、CTL细胞杀伤活性,以及CD4^ 和CD8^ 细胞群．结果表明：pcDNA3-gD能够在哺乳动物细胞COS-7中表达gD抗原,其免疫小鼠脾细胞增殖活性增加,CTL活性达37．69％,明显高于pcDNA3组和生理盐水组;CD4^ 占T细胞数量的33．38％,数量较pcDNA3组和生理盐水组显著增加．     

鸽禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒油佐剂灭活苗免疫效果观察

用鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶⅠ油佐剂灭活苗和ＮＤＶＬａｓｏｔａ 油佐剂灭活苗分别免疫肉种鸽,２０ ｄ 抗体水平达到峰值,在３ ．００ｌｏｇ２ 以上维持３０ ｄ 以上。４０ ｄ 后用鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶⅠ和ＮＤＶＦ４８Ｅ９ 分别进行攻击,对于ＮＤＶＦ４８Ｅ９ 的攻击,保护率均为１００ ％ ,对于鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶⅠ的攻击,鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶⅠ油佐剂灭活苗保护率为１００ ％ ,ＮＤＶＬａｓｏｔａ 油佐剂灭活苗保护率为６６．７ ％ 。田间试验,抽检４８ 份血样,抗体平均为４ ．３０ｌｏｇ２     

COVID-19疫苗相关性心肌炎研究进展

新型冠状病毒感染(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19)给人类健康、社会经济发展及全球医疗和公共卫生系统带来了严重的威胁,因此研发安全有效的特异性疫苗至关重要。目前,基于腺病毒载体和mRNA等技术开发的多款疫苗已在人群中广泛接种,然而疫苗接种可能导致的不良反应不容忽视。除了在临床试验中观察到的接种后疲劳、发烧和肌痛等常见不良反应外,疫苗相关性心肌炎正逐步引起人们的关注。在全球范围内已有多例COVID-19疫苗相关性心肌炎导致死亡的病例报道,对接种人群的健康危害较大。因此,本文对COVID-19疫苗相关性心肌炎的发生概况以及其潜在的发生机制进行综述,认为COVID-19疫苗相关性心肌炎的发生与疫苗的类型、接种剂次以及接种人群特征等因素都存在一定的相关性,而且不同类型疫苗引起心肌炎的机制各不相同。未来仍需结合临床数据开展更多的基础研究,以明确疫苗相关性心肌炎发生的具体机制,从而研发更加安全有效的新型COVID-19疫苗,降低疫苗相关性心肌炎的发生率。     

冻干甲型肝炎灭活疫苗免疫原性与安全性研究

研究冻干甲型肝炎灭活疫苗免疫原性、安全性及热稳性 .分别将冻干及液体甲型肝炎灭活疫苗注射小白鼠和恒河猴 ,确定小白鼠 7d存活情况及恒河猴的谷丙转胺酶 (ALT)水平、肝脏病理、抗 -HAVIgG水平 .用同等剂量 (12 80EL·UmL-1)的冻干灭活疫苗与液体灭活疫苗初次及加强免疫后 1周 ,2组猴在食欲、活动性、大便频率及持续时间方面均无异常 ;5 2周观察期内未出现肝脏病理改变及ALT水平异常升高 .冻干灭活疫苗与液体灭活疫苗诱发的抗 -HAV水平无显著差异 ,2组IgG水平均在免疫后第 12周达到初次免疫后的最高水平 ,冻干疫苗组为 12 0 47mIUmL-1,液体疫苗组为 11875mIUmL-1.两组无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) .第 2 4周分别加强免疫同等剂量疫苗后 ,第 2 8周抗 -HAVIgG水平显著提高 ,达到最高水平 ,冻干疫苗组为 412 15mIUmL-1,液体疫苗组为 40 874mIUmL-1.冻干剂型的甲型肝炎灭活疫苗具有液体剂型同样良好的安全性和免疫原性 .