一个考虑土体流变的修正剑桥粘弹塑性模型

在修正剑桥模型的基础上，考虑土的流变性，提出一种可较全面地反映土体变形的各种粘弹塑性特征的修正剑桥粘弹塑性模型。进而运用该模型对室内三轴固结排水剪流变试验进行三维有限元模拟，并通过与其他模型的对比分析，初步证明了本构模型的合理性和有效性。     

Receptive field plasticity of neurons in rat auditory cortex

Using conventional electrophysiological technique, we investigated the plasticity of the frequency receptive fields (RF) of auditory cortex (AC) neurons in rats. In the AC, when the frequency difference between conditioning stimulus frequency (CSF) and the best frequency (BF) was in the range of 1--4 kHz, the frequency RF of AC neurons shifted. The smaller the differences between CSF and BF, the higher the probability of the RF shift and the greater the degree of the RF shift. To some extent, the plasticity of RF was dependent on the duration of the session of conditioning stimulus (CS). When the frequency difference between CSF and BF was bigger, the duration of the CS session needed to induce the plasticity was longer. The recovery time course of the frequency RF showed opposite changes after CS cessation.The RF shift could be induced by the frequency that was either higher or lower than the control BF, demonstrating no clear directional preference. The frequency RF of some neurons showed bidirectional shift, and the RF of other neurons showed single directional shift. The results suggest that the frequency RF plasticity of AC neurons could be considered asan ideal model for studying plasticity mechanism. The present study also provides important evidence for further study of learning and memory in auditory system.     

植物形态生长对策研究进展

植物在其生长发育的各个阶段的生长行为及生活史策略皆与植物的形态可塑性有很大关系,可在一定程度上决定植物物种在生境中的分布格局及种群行为.植物生活史对策是植物物种维持生长和繁殖的资源最佳分配方式,物种的适应性是物种在进化过程中累积起来的,在形态上有很明显的表现,植物采取不同的形态生长策略就是为了使物种在某些阶段达到最大的适合度.已有的植物形态生长对策研究主要集中在植物繁殖体形态、幼苗形态策略、生长可塑性以及繁殖策略等方面,植物各阶段形态生长策略的权衡以及与植物在群落中的分布关系被认为是今后该方面研究的重要方面.     

一维Theta神经网络微分方程模型的研究——多放电行波解的存在性

研究一维theta神经元网络的微分方程模型,对该网络模型从神经元生理运动特点和微分方程本身入手进行讨论.对模型中的输入形式加以简化,证明了对任意的传播速度c＞0,存在一个对应的耦合强度参数,使网络具有多放电行波解.     

不同状态下运动皮层连通性仿真

为了研究脑卒中后运动功能损伤与康复的机制以寻找促进脑卒中患者康复的有效途径,用有向图表示运动相关区域连接成的网络,并将其视为动力学系统,通过复杂度反映系统功能分离和整合的程度,利用模式搜索方法优化网络结构,研究在静止状态、运动状态、中风损伤后运动皮层连通性的变化.仿真结果显示:运动状态下各区域间有较强的连接,而在损伤状态下,连接强度降低,与发生部位有关;在这两种状态下大脑半球内部区域间连接均大于其它类型连接,区域自连接较弱.研究结果表明该模型可以定性反映大脑运动皮层的连通性变化或者可塑性.     

Neurotrophic regulation of synapse development and plasticity

Neurotrophic factors are traditionally thought to be secretory proteins that regulate long-tern survival and differe, ntiation of neurons. Recent studies have revealed a previously unexpected role for these factors in synaptie de velopment ami plasticity in diverse neuronal populations. Here we review experimeuts carried oul in our own laboratory in the last few years.. We have made two important discoveries.First,we were among the first to report that brain-derived. neurotrophie faclor (BDNF) facilitates hippocampal hmg-term potentiation (LTP), a form of synaptic plaslicity believed to be involved in learning and memory. BDNF modulates LTP al CAI synapses by enhaneing synaptic responses to high frequency, tetanic slimulalion. This is achieved primafily by facilitating synaptie vesicle doeking, possibly due to an in crease in the levels of the vesicle prolein synaptobrevin and synaptoplysin in the nerve terminals. Gene knockout study demonstrates thai the effects of BDNF are primarily mediated through presynaptic mechanisms. Second, we demonstrated a form of long-term, neurotrophin-mediated synaptic regulation. We showed that long-term treatment of the neuromuscu lar synapses with neurotrophin-3 (NT3) resulted in an enhancement of both spontaneous and evoked synaptic currcuts, as well as profound changes in thc number of synaptic varicosities and syuaptic vesicle proteins in motoneurons, all of which are indicative of more mature synapses. Our current work addresses the following issues:(i) activity-dependent trafficking of neurotrophin receptors, and its role in synapse-specific modulation; (ii) signal transduction mechanisms medialing the acute enhancement of synaplic transmission by neurotrophins; (iii) acute and long-tenn synaptie actions of the GDNF family; (iv) role of BDNF in late-phase LTP and in the development of hippocampal circuit.     

锆板轧制模拟的显式动力与隐式静力有限元法比较

针对用作核燃料元件金属包壳的锆合金板建立三维有限元模型,分别运用显式动力与隐式静力有限元法实现了轧制加工的数值模拟.对两种模拟方法下轧制后工件的几何尺寸、接触面上的轧制压力分布等计算结果进行了分析与比较.研究结果表明:通过选取合理的质量放大因子,显式算法的计算效率远高于隐式算法;而隐式静力方法的计算结果比显式动力方法更加平滑;在轧板中部和远离接触表面处,两种方法所得轧制后工件的尺寸吻合得很好;并且两种方法所得稳定轧制阶段的工件表面接触压力分布总体上较为吻合.所做工作可为核燃料元件轧制数值模拟方法的合理选取提供参考.     

整合发放神经元模型突触输入参数估计

文章针对突触输入和噪声共同作用下的整合发放神经元模型,在不考虑放电阈值前提下,采用最小二乘法估计突触输入参数;当考虑神经元放电阈值特性时,将放电阈值看成一个吸收边界,导出膜电位转移概率密度函数,再利用极大似然法估计突触输入参数。结果表明:最小二乘估计仅适合阈下活动的参数估计,而对阈上活动无效;极大似然估计适用于神经元放电的阈值行为;无论是从适用范围还是估计精度来说,极大似然估计都要优于最小二乘估计。     

塑性力学相似非耦联系统的广义模拟变分原理

提出了塑性力学变形理论和流动理论包括体积不变条件的相似非耦联系统的广义模拟势能原理和广义模拟余能原理．     

关于粉土分类及性质的探讨

本主要是对40多组粉土试验进行分析整理，提出了有关粉土的物理、力学性质特点。