制造企业与物流服务企业的共生关系

为了改善当前制造企业与物流企业合作关系中存在的"囚徒困境",科学地引导双方关系向互惠共生方向发展,运用共生理论及经济学的供求分析方法,从物流企业与制造企业最本质的市场供需关系入手进行分析,研究制造企业与物流企业的共生关系,分析了影响双方共生关系形成的因素、条件,以及双方共生关系的演化规律,探讨了双方的最佳共生状态.分析表明专业化分工的要求是双方最初形成供需型共生关系的动因.双方协调发展的方向可以用一条在外包经济区域内随物流外包边界不断扩大的向上的曲线来描述.摆脱"囚徒困境"的途径是解决社会化物流需求不足与专业化物流供给不足的结构性矛盾.     

Immature stages of Parrhasius polibetes (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): host plants,tending ants,natural enemies and morphology

Natural history and immature stage morphology of the facultative myrmecophilous butterfly Parrhasius polibetes (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) are described and illustrated through both light and scanning electron microscopy. Larvae underwent four instars. At the third instar, the dorsal nectar organ became present and functional, and larvae were facultatively tended by several ant species, those also tending plants bearing extrafloral nectaries and honeydew-producing hemipterans. Larvae were florivorous and polyphagous at the species level, using at least 44 species of plants in 19 families. Most host plants (～ 89%) had some type of ant-attractive features, such as extrafloral nectaries or ant-tended treehoppers. The host range of this butterfly species allows the use of floral resources throughout the year. Food sources that promote ant visitation, flower bud morphology and phenology appear to be related to the evolution and maintenance of polyphagy in this butterfly species.     

Scale‐worms (Polychaeta,Polynoidae) associated with chaetopterid worms (Polychaeta,Chaetopteridae), with description of a new genus and species

Three species of scale‐worms inhabiting chaetopterid tubes have been found during routine studies of benthic communities. Anotochaetonoe michelbhaudi gen. and sp. nov. occurred in the East Atlantic off Congo in association with Spiochaetopterus sp. and Phyllochaetopterus sp. It has a relatively short body (fewer than 50 segments); elytra in posterior part of the body arranged on chaetigers 23, 26, 29, 32, 34, 37, 40, 43, 46, present to posterior end; achaetous notopodia; neuropodia long, with longer subtriangular prechaetal lobes and shorter postchaetal lobes rounded distally; upper neurochaetae unidentate and lower bidentate; globular ciliated papillae present between ventral cirri and ventral basis of neuropodia. Lepidasthenia brunnea occurred in the Mediterranean Sea off the French coast both free‐living and in association with Phyllochaetopterus sp. Ophthalmonoe pettiboneae was found in Vietnam (South China Sea) in association with Chaetopterus sp. This is the second finding of the species. The characteristics of the associations between chaetopterid genera and symbiotic polychaetes are discussed.     

Animal cellulases

Previous dogma has maintained that cellulose, ingested by xylophagous or herbivorous animals, is digested by cellulolytic symbiotes. The first evidence in conflict with this contention involved the demonstration of cellulolytic activities in symbiote-free secreting organs (e.g., the salivary glands of termites) or defaunated guts. Following these demonstrations, possible endogenous cellulase components were purified from several cellulose-digesting invertebrates, but this research did little to change the general view concerning animal cellulose digestion. Thanks to recent developments in molecular biology, the existence of cellulases of animal origin has been firmly established. To date, cellulase genes have been reported from arthropods (insects and a crayfish) and nematodes. This paper describes and discusses the presence and nature of endogenous cellulases in higher animals. Received 19 December 2000; received after revision 5 March 2001; accepted 6 March 2001     

胃肠道微生物区系在宿主体内共生作用的研究进展

宿主与肠道微生物区系长期共同进化的结果是宿主与细菌间的互利共生.在人的消化系统中拥有成千上万的共生细菌,这些共生细菌对宿主肠道的营养加工、粘膜免疫耐受和一些其它功能具有重要的作用.现行的分子生物学技术和无菌动物模型为研究宿主与共生细菌之间的分子机制提供了前所未有的机遇,有助于我们更深入地理解肠道的共生细菌对人正常生理功能的作用,从而发展新的治疗策略.     

Biological interactions in the mycorrhizosphere

Summary Microbial communities in the mycorrhizosphere (i.e. in the small volume of soil immediately surrounding a mycorrhizal root) actively interact with the establishment and functioning of the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Examples of competitive and mutualistic interactions are given, and are discussed in the light of recent observations and experimental results. The significance of biological interactions in the mycorrhizosphere is considered from the standpoints of plant ecology and of practical application.     

基于共生理论的低碳生态产业链多元稳定影响因素分析

生态产业链作为低碳经济的重要表现形式,在如何提高产业链中的资源效率问题,保证生态产业链的稳定发展,日益成为研究的热点;基于共生理论,从低碳经济的视角分析了生态产业链的多元稳定因素,认为共生单元、共生模式和共生环境是影响低碳生态产业链多元稳定的因素,进而构建低碳生态产业链多元稳定共生理论模型,为生态产业链低碳运行提供科学理论依据.     

共生性德育:对规训式德育和单子式德育的超越

以社会为本位的规训式德育与以个人为本位的单子式德育,都在一定历史时期发挥了其应有的作用,但都具有自身无法克服的弊端。在呼唤民主自由和主体自觉的新时代,在人与社会和谐发展的新时代,高校需要建构与此相一致的德育——共生性德育。     

上海师范大学奉贤校区内植物与鸟类共生关系探究

上海师范大学奉贤校区具有林地、水域、芦苇地、林水混合区等多种生境,其丰富的植被与鸟类是校园生态系统的重要组成因子.本研究通过样点法和样线法,统计到校内45种植物及42种鸟类,发现植物对鸟类具有取食果实、繁殖寄巢、停栖休息、遮挡隐蔽等功能,而鸟类对植物而言具有传播种子等作用,因此校园植物和鸟类存在多种共生关系,其中主要包括互利共生、偏性共生和无关共生等.调查结果还表明,多种生境中,林水混合生境具有更高的物种多样性.该研究发现的植物与鸟类的共生关系,为未来城市绿地服务于保护生物多样性的功能优化提供了科学依据.