面向同源蛋白质探测的一种新型混合深度学习模型

根据蛋白质氨基酸链探测其同源蛋白质,进而预测蛋白质的功能,是生物信息学研究领域的一个重要挑战,也是众多生物医学研究领域的基础研究内容,有着重要的科研价值和广泛的应用需求。其研究难点在于:(1)如何学习对同源蛋白质预测有效、有用的蛋白质特征信息;(2)如何更好地运用蛋白质特征信息,实现同源蛋白质的探测与识别。为了解决同源蛋白质探测与识别研究中的关键难点,本文提出一种基于混合深度学习架构的同源蛋白质探测与识别模型(HDLM-PHP)。通过采用统一的"管道式"深度学习架构,将蛋白质特征学习和探测识别统一为一个整体,提高同源蛋白质探测与识别的效能。采用多组并行的深度卷积神经网络,学习蛋白质的各种属性信息,以期获得丰富的待检测蛋白质和靶蛋白质的高级相关性特征,并通过全连接方式使用多层RBM结构融合和精炼这些相关性特征为全局相关性特征。通过统一的深度网络连接方式,以探测和识别任务为导向,学习到对于同源蛋白质预测最有效、最全面的蛋白质特征信息。在标准数据集SCOPe上,对所提模型进行性能与效率评测,结果表明:本文提出的模型能有效地学习到符合任务导向的蛋白质特征数据,提升同源蛋白质探测与识别的准确度和召回率,优于现有的模型和算法。     

极端嗜热微生物分子伴侣蛋白研究与嗜热功能蛋白质的规模化制备技术研究

极端微生物是丰富的资源宝库,有着巨大的生物技术开发前景。本文从特殊功能蛋白质的发现与表征、结构与功能及潜在性应用．以及特殊功能蛋白质的规模化制备技术两个方面,对极端微生物的资源开发与利用进行了探讨。重点介绍了极端嗜热古菌Pyrococcus furiosus分子伴侣蛋白系统的一些研究,并以P．furiosus胞外α-淀粉酶PFA为例,对工业生物技术领域重组蛋白质的规模化制备技术进行了讨论。     

甘薯在贮藏期间营养与生理变化研究

研究了"宁紫1号"、"宁选1号"甘薯在贮藏100 d期间的贮藏效果,以期得出较为适宜的贮藏参数,并分析甘薯的营养和生理变化规律.以250 mg·L-1施保克溶液浸泡处理甘薯,置于7℃贮藏,以室温贮藏的甘薯为对照,定期进行理化指标检测.结果表明:在贮藏期内,7℃贮藏结合施保克处理可有效降低甘薯的霉腐率,减少可溶性蛋白质、可溶性总糖、总黄酮的损失.此外,两种甘薯的α-淀粉酶活性在贮藏中均高于β-淀粉酶活性.7℃贮藏结合施保克处理可提高甘薯的贮藏品质,可以在甘薯实际贮藏中应用.     

Immunological systematics of the extinct quagga (Equidae)

Summary It has been debated whether the extinct quagga was a distinct fourth species of African zebra or whether it was merely the southern variant of the Plains zebra (Equus burchelli). Using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique, we have shown that proteins remaining in quagga skins from museums are much more similar to serum proteins of the Plains zebra than to those of the other two extant zebras.     

Malaria vaccine

Summary Among infectious diseases caused by protozoa, malaria is still the greatest killer of children. Mortality in adults living in endemic areas is significantly lower because they frequently acquire partial or complete immunity to the major pathogen,Plasmodium falciparum. This natural protection indicates that vaccination may be possible, and the first candidate antigens were cloned with the use of human immune sera as probes. Genetic and biochemical analysis of the parasite proteins revealed that they are polymorphic, and frequently gene sequences were discovered which were specific for a particular parasite isolate, which eliminated most antigens for purposes of vaccine development. The most promising candidate antigens today are the major surface proteins of sporozoites and blood stage parasites. However, the immune response against those is not sufficient for complete protection, and additional, intensive research is necessary to identify new molecules to be included in a vaccine cocktail against malaria. The current spread of the disease due to increasing drug resistance of parasites and mosquito vectors emphasizes the urgent need for a vaccine.     

Hemolysins: Pore-forming proteins in invertebrates

Summary Invertebrates possess lytic molecules which lyse vertebrate erythrocytes. In all the species studied so far, hemolytic activity depends on proteins which possess a wide range of reactivity. It is generally calcium-dependent and heat-labile, although calcium-independent and heat-stable hemolysins have also been detected. The molecules interact with sugars or lipids which could represent the membrane receptors by which circular lesions on target membranes are produced.On the basis of some analogies with vertebrate lytic molecules it is conceivable that the hemolysins evolved from a common ancestral gene which also led to vertebrate pore-forming proteins.     

大蒜中期染色体蛋白的研究

大蒜根尖分生组织细胞中期当色体蛋白主要有１９条蛋白质谱带，它们的分子量约在１４～９７ｋｄ，用Ｊｅｐｐｅｓｅｎ介绍子方法抽提得到的组蛋白，经电泳检测发现有６条谱带，包括２种Ｈ１和４种小分子量组蛋白（Ｈ３，Ｈ２ｂ，Ｈ２ａ，Ｈ４）染色体骨架蛋白中，３７ｋｄ，３８ｋｄ，４０ｋｄ和４３ｋｄ４种蛋白质成份较为清楚，可以认为是中期染色体骨架的主要成份。