武夷山南方铁杉针阔混交林不同地形土壤营养元素分析

南方铁杉（Tsuga chinensis var. tchekiangensis）在江西武夷山国家级自然保护区有较大的天然种群分布。探究江西武夷山南方铁杉针阔混交林中不同地形条件下土壤营养元素含量的特征,揭示地形因素对该地土壤营养元素迁移分布的影响,为深入研究土壤-植被相互关系以及生物多样性保护提供参考。     

广西廉州湾红树林群落分布特征及物种多样性分析

为全面了解广西廉州湾红树林群落本底数据,预测其发展方向,本研究以广西廉州湾红树林群落为研究对象,在东江口、木案、针鱼墩、垌尾设置4条典型断面共计36个样方,调查红树林群落的类型、树高、覆盖度、冠幅、基径等,并计算物种重要值、多样性指数等指标,分析种群动态及分布格局。结果表明,广西廉州湾红树林树种以演替前中期树种为主,群落结构简单;物种重要值的排序为桐花树（Aegiceras corniculatum）>秋茄（Kandelia obovata）>白骨壤（Avicennia marina）>老鼠簕（Acanthus ilicifolius）,大多种群主要呈集群分布;更新层以桐花树和秋茄幼苗为主,与该地现有成年红树植物物种重要值排序一致。广西廉州湾红树林群落是由陆向海逐渐发育的,未来该地红树林群落物种组成发生变化的可能性不大。如果人为干扰得以控制,红树林面积有望继续增加。     

An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Adults of both sexes of Cheimas opalinus (Staudinger), a Satyrinae butterfly occurring in the cloud forests of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida, have simple wing colour patterns, dark brown dorsa marked by one conspicuous element, large greenish-blue patches in the discal area of the hind wing. It was observed that in young, freshly emerged females these patches are frequently absent. They fade away and eventually disappear during mating and nuptial flights when brushed out by lateral movements of the male’s hind wing put between folded female hind wings. The falling off of the scales is made easy because they do not adhere to the wing as firmly as brown background scales due to their particular folded extremities. We speculate that this process is related to the fitness of the females. Prior to mating, blue-green patches are advantageous because they attract the attention of the opposite sex and enhance the chances of successful mating. After mating they lose their sexual role. Females without the blue-green patches become cryptic. Thus, they are less apparent not only for the males, which helps them avoid sexual harassment, but also for potential bird predators. Additionally, the loss of blue reflecting scales may speed up the warming up of the abdomen and egg maturation. In the males, positive role of the patches (signalling), and negative (bird attraction), is balanced during their entire life span, and they fade gradually due to regular usage of wings scaling in flight. Our hypothesis is supported by morphological, optical, experimental and statistical analysis in which we used 509 individuals of both sexes. A similar ratio of young (with undamaged wing) females with or without blue patch was recorded, whereas in the males no individuals without any trace of blue patch were reported, and a correlation of age (wing damage) and gradual fading off of the patch was demonstrated. Such an adaptation involving an active change of the appearance of adults, i.e. colour patterns related to sexual selection, has not been reported previously in Lepidoptera.     

张广才岭次生针阔混交林空间结构

确定林分空间结构是次生林保护和可持续经营的前提.次生针阔混交林是张广才岭最主要的林分类型,运用大小比数、角尺度、混交度3个空间结构参数研究张广才岭次生针阔混交林永久样地的空间结构.结果表明:样地大小比数为0.497,平均角尺度为0.538,平均混交度为0.630;针阔混交林林木相邻个体在垂直方向上分化不明显,存在激烈竞争的中层;林木配置处于中度到强度混交水平之间,林分总体上属于聚集分布格局;次生针阔混交林的空间结构特征已接近当地原始阔叶红松林水平.     

滩地红树林引起的波浪衰减特性实验分析

根据中国南海红树林的外形特征,将桧柏树枝按照一定几何比例修剪,在波浪水槽中测试不同水深和波浪条件下,波浪通过不同宽度淤泥质滩地、平底有植物滩地和斜底有植物滩地的衰减率。结果表明有植物覆盖的滩地的消波效果约为淤泥质滩地的3~4倍;随着水深增加淤泥质滩地的波浪衰减率减小,而有植物覆盖的滩地的衰减率增加;植物带宽度为150cm的衰减率是宽度为45 cm时的2倍,且坡度为1∶25的斜底消浪效果略好于平底情况。选取影响波浪衰减的最主要因素水深、波高、波浪周期及植物带宽度等作为基本量,将其无量纲化,并根据实验数据进行多元回归分析,得到消浪系数公式。实验结果对建设防浪林有一定指导意义。     

随机森林方法在致病SNPs检测中的应用

通过全基因组关联研究发现了大量复杂疾病相关变异，近来关注的焦点又集中在了如何利用单核苷酸多态性数据进行深入分析，期待发现更多复杂疾病的易感基因。随机森林是一种新型的集成分类决策器，可以在对样本分类的同时，计算预测变量的重要性值。该文将随机森林方法应用于全基因组数据，实验结果表明该方法可以作为致病SNPs检测的有效参考方法。     

浙江百山祖常绿阔叶林内苔藓植物的研究

作者采用无样抽样点四分法对浙江省百山祖常绿阔叶林内苔藓植物作了调查.依据野外样方资料,作者对林内66种苔藓植物的频度和盖度作了统计.百山祖常绿阔叶林内苔藓植物的区系成分丰富,以热带-亚热带成分为主.苔藓植物群落类型复杂多样,尤以腐木群落和树干群落最为丰富,并有一定数量的叶附生群落,反映了我国东部常绿阔叶林的自然特色.     

关帝山林区油松天然林生长规律的研究

研究关帝山林区不同立地条件油松天然林的生长过程，探讨其生长规律。进而为大面积营林，提高油松林生产力提供有力的理论依据。通过在关帝山林区采用建立标准地，选取优势木，进行树干解析的方法，对不同立地条件下油松天然林的树高、胸径和材积的生长规律进行了分析研究。结果表明，不同的立地条件对林木生长有显著影响。     

太白山针叶林的物种多样性

应用Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ－Ｗｉｅｎｅｒ指数、Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ指数和种间相遇机率（Ｐ）研究了太白山针叶林植物物种多样性．结果表明：影响太白山针叶林植物物种多样性的因素首先是群落过渡区的边缘效应,其次是群落分布海拔的影响．而物种多样性的高低并不一定直接决定群落的稳定性,群落的稳定性是群落长期适应自然环境的产物．     

帽儿山针叶林与针阔叶混交林土壤动物对比研究 I区系组成与特征

１９９２年５月时帽儿山相邻针叶林与针阔叶混交林土壤动物的调查，共获土壤动物１７６５８只，隶属于５门１０纲１７目，共５０个类群．本研究以人工针叶林与针阔叶混交森的土壤动物为研究对象，旨在探讨土壤动物在针叶纯林与针阔叶混交林不同林型下，在物质分解过程中的作用状况及活跃程度．研究结果表明，土壤动物在针阔叶混交林中的种类、数量、种类多样性等多项指标均大于针叶纯林．可见，针阔混交林较针叶纯林更有利于土壤动物的活动及森林的物质循环与转化．