四合木(Tetraena mongolica Maxim)雄性不育的细胞学研究

首次报导了四合木花粉发育过程中存在雄性不育现象．四合木花具八枚雄蕊,分两轮排列．药壁发育属基本型,具腺质绒毡层．正常花药的绒毡层细胞在四分孢子形成之后开始解体．四合木花药败育从小孢子母细胞减数分裂Ｉ前期开始,在以后的各个时期均有发生．败育发生在个别雄蕊或全部雄蕊中不等．败育花药的药壁中层、绒毡层在小孢子母细胞减数分裂之前即开始解体,减数分裂过程中基本全部瓦解,使小孢子母细胞正常的减数分裂不能进行,引起以后一系列败育现象,形成不正常的四分孢子或单核花粉粒．败育花药药室瓦解,花粉囊收缩变形．即使在正常发育的成熟花药内,仍能观察到败育的花粉粒,形状为椭圆形或三角形．     

高梁不同叶位叶片叶绿素超微结构与叶绿素含量的研究

以粒用高梁 42 1A×矮 4(杂种 )、矮 4(恢复系 )、42 1A(不育系 )、42 1B(保持系 )为试材 ,对叶片叶绿体超微结构和叶绿素含量进行了比较研究 .结果表明 :4个试材的叶绿体超微结构均以第 8叶最复杂 ,基粒片层、基质片层多 ,多片层基粒占较大的比例 ,13叶次之 ,旗叶最简单 .杂种、恢复系、不育系的叶绿素总含量均与叶绿体超微结构变化一致 :第 8叶最高 ,第 13叶次之 ,旗叶最低 .双因素方差分析表明叶位不同对基粒垛叠程度及叶绿素总含量影响显著 ,而试材不同对其无显著影响     

大白菜雄性不育系和保持系花药的几种同工酶分析

本文分析了大白菜品种“早皇白”雄性不育系及同型保持系花药三种同工酶谱,不育系均少于保持系.细胞色素氧化酶显示,不育系为3条,保持系为7条;过氧化物酶谱不育系为3条,保侍系为8条;脂酶、不育系为4条,保持系为7条.     

水稻光温敏核不育系不育性表达的同步性研究

以农垦５８Ｓ、７００１Ｓ、５０４７Ｓ、Ｗ６１５４Ｓ、ＫＳ９、培矮６４Ｓ、安农１Ｓ和５４６０Ｓ８个不同类型的水稻光温敏核不育系为材料，在广州（２３°０８′Ｎ）盛夏７月～８月份对各不育系的不育性表达进行了系统的比较研究，并对育性转换的同步性进行了观察。结果表明，不育性表达的同步性以安农１Ｓ和７００１Ｓ较好，群体不育性整齐，其他６个不育系的不育性表达的同步性较差，株间、株内穗间、穗内颖花间的花粉育性差异显著或极显著。连续单株套袋对降低株间、株内颖花间的花粉育性差异效果不大。遗传纯合的不育系单株间、株内颖花间的育性转换是不完全同步的。不育同步性可作为评价光温敏核不育系优劣的一个重要指标     

Sequence analysis of the gene correlated with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in rape-seed (Brassica napus) Polima and Shaan 2A

orf224 is a CMS-related mitochondrial gene discovered in Polima cytoplasm. Shaan 2A CMS line is the parent of the first rapeseed hybrid cultivar Qinyou No. 2that has been grown in many regions of China. In this work,genomic DNA of Polima CMS line and Shaan 2A CMS line were used as templates, two primers of specific oligonucleoamplification fragments were cloned into pGEM-T Easy vectors and DNA sequences were determined. The CMSassociated gene, orf224-1 present in Shaan 2A CMS line, has a sequence highly homologous to the orf224 of the Polima CMS line, except for one nucleotide at position +398. There were only one base (AAC→AGC) and one amino acid (Asn →Ser) differences between the two. The homologies of the two sequences in nucleotide and. amino acid were 99.9 % and 99.6%, respectively. It is concluded that orf224 in Polima CMS line and orf224-1 of Shaan 2A CMS line are the allele at the same locus in mitochondria.``     

基因转化创造植物杂种优势利用新方式的途径分析

普通核雄性不育性遗传方式能够满足对植物最佳雄性不育系选育的要求,如果能解决其不育系繁殖问题,将优于现有的其他杂种优势利用方式。借助基因工程技术,通过质体转化、位点特异性重组技术和特殊启动子的利用,操控可育基因和不育基因的表达,可能繁殖出100%不育株率的普通核雄性不育系,创造出普通核雄性不育性利用新途径。     

Testes and chromosomes in interspecific hybrids betweenHelicoverpa armigera (Hübner) andHelicoverpa assulta (Guenée)

The interspecific hybridization betweenHelicoverpa armigera females andHelicoverpa assulta males yieldedF ₁ hybrids (RS), fertile males and sterile individuals with abnormal genitals. The reverse hybridization betweenH. assulta females andH. armigera males yielded F₁ hybrids (SR)-fertile males and fertile females. The morphology of testes and the karyotype of chromosomes of larvae in the hybrids were investigated. Among the 2d old fifth-instar SR larvae, individuals without testes were fertile females and those with testes were fertile males. The length and breadth of testes between SR and parental species were not significantly different (p>0.05). Among the 2d old fifth-instar RS larvae, the testes were observed in all the individuals, but it could be classified into two types. The length and the breadth of testes in Type 1 larvae were not significantly different from those of their parental species (p>0.05), while those in Type 2 were significantly less than those of their parental species (p<0.01). Mitotic metaphase I of brain cells showed the diploid chromosomes number of both reciprocal hybrids was 2n=62, as many as their parents. The haploid number of 31 was confirmed by counts from spermatocytes at meiotic metaphase from SR male larvae and Type 1 larvae of RS. Meiosis was not observed in spermatocytes of Type 2 larvae of RS. Considering the characteristics of adult hybrids of RS, it was concluded that Type 1 individuals in RS were fertile and those of Type 2 were sterile. The sterility of Type 2 individuals in RS is attributed to the abnormity in development of testes and the failing meiosis of spermatocytes. As a result, the normal spermatozoon could not been produced.     

烟草雄性不育种质创新研究进展

综述了烟草雄性不育种质创新研究的进展,重点介绍了生物技术在烟草雄性不育种质资源创新中所取得的成绩,并讨论了如何进一步加强烟草雄性不育种质创新研究的力度.