栽培高粱叶绿体DNA的酶切片段分析

实验选取了具优良性状的高粱（Ｓｏｒｇｈｕｍｂｉｃｏｌｏｒ）４品种、两细胞雄性不育系,采用改进的高盐低ＰＨ值法对其叶绿体ＤＮＡ进行提取,纯化、限制性内切酶酶切分析。结果表明,改进的高盐低ＰＨ值法无论在ＤＮＡ的得主及质量上都有一定的提高,足以满足ＲＦＬＰ或其他酶切方法的需要;高粱栽培品种间的叶绿体ＤＮＡ变异很少,反映了各族间极其相近的亲缘关系,在可育胞质品种与胞雄性不育系的叶绿体ＤＮＡ之间明显存在两类     

Mapping of the nuclear fertility restorer gene for HL cytoplasmic male sterility in rice using microsatellite markers

Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) of a BC, population derived from Congguang 41A//Miyang 23/Congguang 41B was used to map the nuclear fertility restorer gene for Honglian (HL) cytoplasmic male sterility. One hundred and fifty-nine microsatellite primer pairs were screened for polymorphisms between the parents and between two bulks representing fertile and sterile plants. One microsatellite marker RM258 produced polymorphic products. The nuclear fertility restorer gene for HL cytoplasmic male sterility was mapped on chromosome 10, 7.8cM from RM258. The restorer gene may be clustered on chromosome.     

黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster因PM体系造成的卵巢败育的实验测定

黑腹果蝇在北美的群体自1950年后受到 P 转座子的侵入,现在该区域的果蝇几皆成为P 型,而我国境内的果蝇在 P 因子的特征上具有很大的差别,从我们22个品系的杂交实验,子代卵巢解剖的实验测定中可以得到明确的证明。杂交组合正反交结果不同,证明与细胞质型有关。     

淀粉酶类亏损与水稻三系雄性不育

本文以水稻三系及杂种的花药为材料,考察了淀粉代谢酶类亏损、恢复与雄性不育的相关作用。测验表明,不育系花药含淀粉0.5μg/spl(小穗花药共6枚),只达可育株系含量的1/12至1/10,花药含蛋白质15μg/spl,相当于1/7—1/5可育株系含量.对比分析各株系发育中花药的α-,β-淀粉酶,P-酶,R酶活力,得出P-酶活力为0.3μgPi/spl·h,α-淀粉酶活力为1.2 IDC/spl·h.恢复后的杂种代花药P-酶活力上升5—8倍,α-淀粉酶活力上升2.5-5倍.凝胶电泳证明。P-酶从单核期,α-淀粉酶Ⅱ从双核期开始恢复。比较3种恢复系在杂种代的恢复程序,得出其恢复力顺序为IR 244-6≥IR 24》铁陆17.这正好是花粉可育率恢复力顺序.这些事实足以表明不育性与淀粉合成有关酶的亏损相关,育性恢复是多因量变现象.     

转基因油菜雄性不育系15A及其恢复系菌核病抗性的鉴定与筛选

采用苗期接种法对湖南油料所构建及选育的转基因油菜雄性不育系15A、胞质三系不育系742A,常规油菜恢复系695、780的抗耐油菜菌核病进行鉴定,结果表明,4个品种均为抗性品种,其中15A为中抗,742A、695、780为低抗。四个品系的病情指数均比对照中油821低。各品系单株之间抗性存在明显差异。     

Advances in the understanding of inter-subspecific hybrid sterility and wide-compatibility in rice

Hybrid sterility is a major form of postzygotic reproductive isolation and frequently occurs in hybrids between divergent populations, such as the indica and japonica subspecies of Asian cultivated rice （Oryza sativa L.）. It has been a major barrier for utilization of the strong heterosis expressed in hybrids between indica and japonica. A large number of loci for rice inter-subspecific hybrid sterility have been identified by genetic analysis. Cytological studies revealed that male and female gamete abortions and reduced affinity between the uniting gametes all occurred in indica-japonica hybrids, suggesting the complexity of the causes for inter-subspecific hybrid sterility. Two genes conditioning embryo-sac and pollen sterility respectively in indica-japonica hybrids have been cloned recently, providing opportunities for molecular characterization of the indica-japonica hybrid sterility and wide-compatibility. Future studies should aim at cloning more genes for indica-japonica hybrid sterility, characterizing the underlying molecular mechanism, and utilization of the findings for the development of inter-subspecific hybrids to increase rice productivity.