皱纹盘鲍精巢及精子结构的研究

用光镜和电镜观察了皱纹鲍精巢和精子的结构,生精细胞通过基膜着生在分枝的结缔组织上,由基底部向精巢腔增殖。观察到５个阶段的生精细胞。精子可分为头部、中段和末段３部分,头部由顶体、顶体上腔和细胞核组成;中段由中心粒、线粒体和核糖体组成;末段细长,轴丝为典型的“９＋２”微管结构。     

OEP、SDS与卵黄的相互作用时间及温度对犬冻融精子质量的影响

人工采取8只优质犬精液,以果糖-Tris-柠檬酸所组成的稀释液为基础,分别于试验前0.5 h和24 h将OEP,SDS和卵黄混合于基础稀释液中,并于5℃冰箱、22℃两个温度条件下保存,用时离心选取上清液作为稀释剂并制成细管冻精.利用流式细胞术和高倍显微镜对犬冻融精子活力、质膜完整率和顶体完整率等特性进行测定,目的在于比较不同温度条件下OEP,SDS和卵黄相互作用时间的长短对犬冻融精子质量的影响,以探讨OEP,SDS对冻融精子的保护作用机理.添加稀释液前24 h混合OEP和卵黄有利于维持冻融过程中质膜完整率(61.5%)和顶体完整率(66.8%),显著提高冻融精子的总活性比率(20.2%),对犬冻融精子的保护效果明显好于相互作用0.5 h实验组的保护效果(P<0.05);OEP,SDS与卵黄相互作用时的温度对犬冻融精子质量无显著影响(P>0.05),OEP对犬冻融精子的保护效果明显优于SDS.结果提示增加OEP,SDS与卵黄相互作用的时间可以提高犬冻融精子的质量.     

精子载体法转基因动物研究进展

精子作为基因的载体制作转基因动物,以其简单、高效和广泛适用等特点而吸引众多的研究小组在不同水平上进行研究。本就四个方面：不同种动物精子与ＤＮＡ结合的研究;精子与ＤＮＡ结合的调控机制;与精子结合的ＤＮＡ的定位及去向;利用精子载体法制作转基因动物的研究,对他们的研究加以系统综述。     

New insights into the molecular mechanisms of sperm-egg interaction

At the moment of insemination millions of mammalian sperm cells are released into the female reproductive tract in order to find a single cell – the oocyte. The spermatozoa subsequently ignore the thousands of cells they make contact with during their journey to the site of fertilisation, until they reach the surface of the oocyte. At this point, they bind tenaciously to the acellular coat, known as the zona pellucida, that surrounds the oocyte and initiate the chain of cellular interactions that will culminate in fertilization. These exquisitely cell- and species-specific recognition events are among the most strategically important cellular interactions in biology. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underpin them has implications for diagnosis of the aetiology of human infertility and the development of novel targets for fertility regulation. Herein, we describe two models indicating the plethora of highly orchestrated molecular interactions underlying successful sperm zona binding and sperm oocyte fusion. Received 17 December 2006; received after revision 31 January 2007; accepted 16 March 2007     

Sperm ultrastructure in two species of Gyraulus (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Planorbidae)

Sperm morphology offers a rich source of potentially informative characters for gastropod taxonomy and in this study it was used to provide additional information for Gyraulus (Armiger) crista (Linnaeus, 1758), whose taxonomic position within the Planorbidae Rafinesque, 1815 remains uncertain. Sperm morphology in G. (A.) crista and G. (Gyraulus) albus (Müller, 1774), the type species of the genus, was examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The ultrastructure of spermatozoa in the two species was found to conform to the general pattern characteristic of the Hygrophila Férussac, 1822: the spermatozoa had an anterior head containing an acrosomal complex (apical vesicle and acrosomal pedestal) and cone-shaped nucleus, followed by a very long midpiece with glycogen spirals, and then by a glycogen piece and tail. Although the spermatozoa of the two species shared some common features (one nuclear keel and four glycogen spirals), they differed significantly in length, morphology of the annulus and structure of the spiral surface ridges. There were also some differences in the size and structure of the acrosomal pedestal and the shape of the nucleus. The spermatozoa of the two Gyraulus species are compared with those of other Hygrophila and the possible importance of sperm morphology for the taxonomic status of G. (A.) crista is discussed.     

洪山公鸡精液冷冻保存方法及效果的研究

研究比较了两种不同类型的冷冻精液在解冻后精子活率、顶体完整率以及受精率方面的差异。实验结果表明,细管型冷冻精液解冻后的活率显著高于颗粒型(n=20,p<0.01)。细管型冷冻精液解冻后的顶体完整率显著高于颗粒型(n=20,p<0.05)。受精实验结果表明,两种类型的冷冻精液的受精率都显著低于以新鲜精液输精的对照组(p<0.01),颗粒型冷冻精液的受精率显著高于细管型冷冻精液(p<0.01)。     

Injection of a soluble sperm fraction into sea-urchin eggs triggers the cortical reaction

Summary Fertilization membranes from around unfertilized sea-urchin eggs after microinjection of a soluble spermatozoa fraction isosmotic with seawater. This demonstrates that the spermatozoon contains a chemical that triggers an increase in cytosolic calcium, leading to exocytosis of cortical granules. It also demonstrates that the triggering mechanism does not require an externally-activated egg-membrane process. Further experiments show that the chemical trigger is not calcium.     

华鲮精子活力的观察

观察了池塘水、江水、蒸馏水、曝气自来水及不同浓度的生理盐水对健壮华鲮雄鱼的精子活性的影响．精子全长(42．735±5．791)μm,头长(2．668±0．403)μm,尾长(39．938±5．212)μm．鲁哥氏法测得精子密度4．244× 107尾／mL,pH值约为7．5．采用平板载玻片法,低倍镜下对精子活动情况进行观察,结果表明:华鲮在池塘水、江水、曝气自来水中的运动寿命以江水最佳．在氯化钠浓度0．00％-0．50％的范围内．精子快速运动时间和寿命相对延长,但浓度超过0．50％,精子活动开始受到抑制,活动强度减弱,寿命缩短．     

实验Beagle犬精液冷冻保存方法初探

实验比格犬是生物医学研究中较常用的实验动物。采用以精液冷冻保存为基础的人工授精技术将大大推动实验犬的繁殖育种工作,为此,本实验尝试用两种不同配方的冷冻保存液,三种不同的冷冻程序进行了比格犬精液的冷冻实验,结果比格犬精液经冷冻保存后,最高解冻存活率达７４％,解冻复苏率达到９７．３％,此方法用于犬的人工授精具有一定的可行性。