磷酸洗涤对垃圾焚烧飞灰热稳定性和重金属固定的影响

为抑制垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的溶出,研究了磷酸洗涤对重金属固定和飞灰热稳定性的影响。进行了水洗、磷酸洗涤、重金属的化学结合形态分析和焚烧飞灰的热分析试验。结果表明:水洗虽能有效去除焚烧飞灰中大部分可溶性氯盐,但会导致水洗液中Pb、Zn的浓度超标;磷酸洗涤后Zn的溶出率由水洗时的112.65mg/kg降低至2mg/kg左右,Pb的溶出浓度未检出,固留在灰样中重金属的残留态和有机态的比例都有不同程度的提高。结论是:磷酸洗涤不但能有效抑制重金属的溶出,还有助于改善重金属的化学稳定性和飞焚烧灰的热稳定性。     

环境中汞的形态及分析方法研究进展

论述了近年来环境化学中的重点研究对象——重金属汞的形态及分析方法的研究进展，并对研究中存在的问题进行了讨论．如何建立更有效的非操作定义的形态提取裢序，建立形态与毒性，即生物有效性与生物毒性之间的联系，并在此基础上建立起新的汞的环境标准，是目前研究的重点．     

漳江口红树林区沉积物中Cu、Zn、Cr的分布及形态特征

通过对表层沉积物及柱状沉积物的分析，研究漳江口红树林湿地沉积物重金属Cu、Zn、Cr的变化规律．结果表明：表层沉积物中Cu、Zn、Cr的含量范围分别为：46．98～63．21mg／kg，241．21～301．76mg／kg，40．55～83．42mg／kg，平均值分别为56．93，259．09和61．82mg／kg．与台湾海峡南部海区：背景值相比，该区沉积物Cu、Zn含量较高、污染较重，但样地间波动范围小、没有明显变化，表明保护区周边的生活污水和养殖污水没有对红树林沉积物重金属樗染产生明显影响．随着深度增加，Cu含量呈现不规则递增的趋势，Cr呈现不规则变化，Zn在33cm以上含量急剧减小，说明近年与Zn有关的重要污染源被关闭．利用欧共体标准物质局的BCR三步分级提取法分析沉积物中重金属形态，结果显示Cu、Zn、Cr的残渣态含量都较高，可提取态分别为总量的9．31％～35．90％，10．14％～17．21％，9．32％～35．70％．在可提取态中B1态在总量中所占比例较小，B2态含量最低，B3态较高，这可能与红树林沉积物高硫，高有机质和相对还原的特点有关．     

Speciation of the genus Arthricocephalus Bergeron, 1899 (Trilobita) from the late Early Cambrian and its stratigraphic significance

The genus Arthricocephalus Bergeron, 1899 is revised, and Halipanktos Balker & Peel, 1997 is suggested here as a senior synonym. The subgenus Arthricocephalus (Arthricocephalites) Chien & Lin in Lu et al., 1974 is considered as a separate genus. Of the 20 previously assigned species of Arthricocephalus (Arthricocephalus) Bergeron, 1899, Arthricocephalus (Arthricocephalites) Chien & Lin in Lu et al., 1974, Arthricocephalus (Euarthricocephalus) Ju, 1983 are lumped into eight species. The speciation trend of Arthricocephalus and Arthricocephalites is demonstrated based on their stratigraphic occurrences. It not only enhances the resolution of the biostatigraphic zonation in the uppermost Lower Cambrian, but also represents a potential candidate to define the Duyunian stage. The base of the stage is suggested at the first appearance datum (FAD) of Arthricocephalus chauveaui Bergeron, 1899 within the evolutionary lineage from Ar. jiangkouensis Yin in Yin & Li,1978 to Ar. chauveaui in a global scale.     

污泥中的重金属特性分析和生态风险评价

选取上海某城市污水厂污泥进行重金属的总量测定及形态分析,确定超标重金属的含量和存在形态．结果表明,锌、铬、镍、铜4种重金属均存在不同程度的超标．在此基础上开展重金属潜在的生态风险评价,证明上述4种重金属元素存在较高的生态风险性,在控制、处理和资源化污泥利用中应引起足够的重视．     

基于氢化原子荧光法的苹果中Se形态分析研究

采用连续浸提分离技术,将苹果中的Se以水溶态、有机物结合态和残渣态3种形态选择性地提取,并用HG-AFS法检测了各形态的硒含量和总硒含量。结果表明:该方法硒的检出限为0.028 ng/mL,线性范围为0~10ng/mL,精密度为2.8%,回收率为94.15%~108.95%;苹果中硒的3种形态含量不同,水溶态有机结合态残渣态,三者的加和略小于总硒含量,误差在2.6%以内。     

胜利油田土壤中重金属的污染特征分析

长期油田开发造成了胜利油田采油区土壤环境质量恶化,然而目前对油田土壤中重金属的污染特征尚不十分明确。本文通过对胜利油田孤岛油区土壤中8种重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、V和Mn)进行采样和分析,发现研究区土壤中Cu、Zn、Cd和Ni的富集因子分别达到了3.44、5.79、8.08和2.47,存在不同程度的富集现象,且具有潜在污染风险;重金属形态分析结果表明,油区土壤中重金属的形态分布很可能受到了石油污染的影响。     

青岛外海沉积物中磷的分布

通过对青岛外海柱状沉积物中总磷、溶解磷、无机磷、有机磷的测定和结果分析,揭示沉积物中磷的存在形态和分布特征。结果表明青岛外海沉积物以无机磷为主,有机磷次之。由于受海流影响和生物扰动,柱状样品中磷的含量产生一定的波动,但总体趋势还是表层沉积物总磷、有机磷的含量略高,随深度增加有减少的趋势,无机磷呈现自上而下增大的趋势。     

East–west differentiation in the Marcusenius macrolepidotus species complex in Southern Africa: the description of a new species for the lower Cunene River,Namibia (Teleostei: Mormyridae)

This paper critically compares the Southern African bulldog fish species Marcusenius macrolepidotus (Peters, 1852), inhabiting the eastern Lower Zambezi River, and Marcusenius altisambesi Kramer et al., 2007, inhabiting the central Upper Zambezi River, with bulldog fish samples from the western lower Cunene River, a 2600-km range from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic. The three species or forms are well differentiated in morphology and molecular genetics, and differentiation is also present in electric organ discharges. Marcusenius altisambesi and the Cunene sample, which we recognize as Marcusenius multisquamatus sp. nov., are closely related and form a sister taxon to M. macrolepidotus. This result is based on the analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences and genomic Inter-simple-sequence-repeat fingerprinting. Morphological adaptations to life in a torrential escarpment river seem to be present in M. multisquamatus sp. nov. when compared with M. altisambesi, which lives in a reservoir river that periodically floods the savannah. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8FE68494-9ED9-428E-B181-E814D25493F2     

环境样品中无机铬的形态分析

本文综述了近年来无机铬形态分析新进展,比较了各类分析方法的特点,提出本领域的研究方向.