The genetic diversity of cen-tral and peripheral popula-tions of ratlike hamster(Cricetulus triton)

The impact of habitat fragmentation and isolation on the genetic diversity of populations has attracted much attention in studies of meta-population and conservation biology. In this work, using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, we studied the genetic diversity of central, peripheral and peninsular populations of ratlike hamster, which were collected in five locations of the North China Plain and its surrounding areas, in 1999. The study revealed that, ⅰ) the genetic diversity of central population of Raoyang County＞the sub-central populations of Gu'an County and Taikang County＞the peripheral population of Shunyi District＞the peninsular population of Mentougou District; ⅱ) the genetic diversities of the five populations were positively correlated to the nearest distances to the peripheral line of population distribution; ⅲ) there were significant differences of gene frequencies of some RAPD fragments among the five populations. More RAPD fragments disappeared in peripheral populations than in central or sub-central populations. The frequencies of two RAPD fragments were correlated to the latitude. This study clearly indicated that the variation of the genetic diversities of the five populations was caused by edge effect and frag- mentation through the enhanced inbreeding and genetic drift, and thus supported the view that habitat fragmentation and related edge effect reduce the population genetic diversity.     

我国当前社会保险面临的问题及对策

从制度设计方面、资金供求方面、管理体制方面分析了社会保险面临的困难和问题，提出了完善社会保险体系的思路与对策，即依法扩大社会保险覆盖面。扩大基金筹措渠道，切实加强基金支出管理，加快社会化管理服务步伐。     

化学镀镍过程中金属基体的引发催化特性研究

通过电位-时间曲线的特征,研究了化学镀镍反应初期不同基体材料的催化特征.在同质基体上可以瞬间诱发化学镀反应,而在异质基体上的诱导期因镀液组成不同而发生变化.在异质基体材料中,Pt无催化活性,Pd的诱发时间最长.     

半导体器件中的量子隧道效应

利用隧道效应器件的量子力学理论 ,说明了隧道效应电子在势垒区内部的行为 .     

社会发展的理性与非理性

社会发展的理性是人类把握科学规律 ,实现社会发展目的的功能特性和能力。社会发展理性是社会发展的灵魂 ,而非理性则是社会发展的阻碍力量。社会发展的过程是理性不断战胜非理性的过程。在社会发展的实践活动中 ,我们应大力提倡理性 ,制约非理性     

Orthogonally linear polarized lasers(Ⅰ)--principle and devices

Two kinds of orthogonally polarized lasers, i.e. Zeeman dual-frequency lasers and four-frequency ring lasers (laser gyros) have been developed since the invention of lasers, in which circularly polarized lights oscillate. This paper summarizes recent progress of the study on orthogonally linear polarized lasers with the standing wave cavity. Firstly, the expression of producing orthogonally linear polarized lights in standing wave cavity, i.e. laser frequency splitting, is given. Almost all the birefringence effects made in laser cavity are used to produce orthogonally linear polarized lights. The effect includes quartz crystal birefringence effect, calcite birefringence effect,stress (photo-elastic) birefringence effect and electro-optical birefringence effect. Secondly, several physical phenomena of orthogonally linear polarized lasers are discovered such as aberrance of frequency splitting curves caused by optical activity of quartz crystal, order-passing of longitudinal modes with frequency splitting and strong modes competition. Finally, because the traditional Zeeman dual frequency laser cannot output frequency difference larger than 3 MHz, the approaches of obtaining larger frequency difference are studied. The sequential results, several kinds of orthogonally polarized lasers, are described, such as birefringence dual frequency lasers outputting a frequency difference from 40 MHz to hundreds of megahertz, birefringence-Zeeman dual frequency lasers outputting a frequency difference from 1 MHz to hundreds of megahertz, the LD pumped YAG birefringence dual frequency laser outputting frequency difference of several gigahertz, and the lasers whose longitudinal mode spacing is c/4L instead of c/2L.     

论技术主体的社会建构

技术主体是与作为客体的技术相互对立,相互依存,并以对方的存在为存在基础的一对哲学范畴.技术主体是在技术产生、发展、应用和完善过程中起主导性作用的角色.技术作为人的主体性的展现,作为一种社会现象和社会行动,通过与人和社会的互动,社会地建构了技术,同时人也在根据由自身推动的技术发展的进程和模式塑造和建构着人类自身,并被多种社会因子所建构.这种建构从本质上表现为历史性、社会性与过程性的统一.     

双势阱分子自发隧道效应的研究

用解析法对双势阱分子的自发隧道效应进行了研究,得到了粒子的自发隧道效应周期与能级裂距成反比关系,从而对隧道效应对双势阱分子激发态的稳定性贡献给予了积极的肯定.     

新世纪图书馆员社会角色转换研究综述

就近几年图书馆界关于新世纪馆员意识转换及社会角色转换等方面的研究进行了综述，指出新时期的馆员要实现自我社会角色的转换，首先是要明确转换的必要性，然后采取有效的策略逐步地、系统地推进转换，才能取得较好的效果。     

社会生命系统的宏观序结构模型分析

讨论了仿生学方法在社会生命系统的宏观序结构模型中的应用 ,分析了社会生命系统的宏观动力结构 ,为复杂社会系统宏观控制的研究提出了一个可供参考的理论模型 .