Phytotoxins and their involvement in plant diseases. Introduction

Bacterial and fungal plant pathogens are known to produce diffusible toxins in infected plants. These phytotoxins are harmful to plants in very low concentrations, and many reproduce at least some of the symptoms of the relevant bacterial or fungal disease. Several phytotoxins have been shown to be involved in pathogenesis. Recent years have seen substantial progress in our knowledge about the nature, structure and mode of action of phytotoxins, and this is briefly reviewed. Finally, possible applications in fields other than plant pathology are mentioned.The Editors wish to thank Prof. A. Ballio and Prof. A. Graniti for coordinating this multi-author review.     

Copper and zinc dismetabolism in the mouse brain upon chronic cuprizone treatment

Recent reports describe successful treatment using copper chelation therapy in neurodegenerative animal models. However, the success claimed for chelation therapy in neurodegenerative diseases is still rather controversial. To acquire new information on copper metabolism/homeostasis, we utilized cuprizone, a very sensitive and selective copper-chelating agent with well-known neurotoxic properties, as a relevant chemical model in mice. Upon cuprizone treatment, mice developed a pronounced astrocytosis, with brain oedema and spongiosis characterised by vacuolisations of the neuropil predominantly in the white matter. In addition, cuprizone treatment severely altered copper and zinc homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as in all other tissues examined, with increasing metal ion concentrations particularly in the CNS. Concomitant with this increase in the Cu and Zn concentration in the brain, metallothionein-I and -II were also highly immunoreactive in astrocyte, consistent with the astrocytosis and demyelination observed in our and other laboratories.Received 23 February 2005; received after revision 3 May 2005; accepted 13 May 2005     

环己烷氨基磺酸钙对叙利亚仓鼠原发性心肌病疗效观察

把BIO FID亚历山在叙利亚仓鼠分成5组,每组40只,雌雄各半,每天分别给予钦含0、275、1 100和2 200 mg/kg的环已烷氨基磺酸钙的水,连续处理90天。这些剂量没有引起动物任何病变,相反,这些动物的原发性心肌病表现出与上述剂量成明显负相关,提示利用环己烷氨基磺酸钙治疗人的某些心肌病值得进一步研究。     

疯牛病防治的研究进展

疯牛病是由朊病毒引起的一种致死性人畜共患神经退行性疾病.根据近年来国际上有关疯牛病防治的研究进展,并结合本课题组最近在该领域的研究成果,以新的角度,主要从疯牛病的风险因素、演化、种间传播、防治药物和监控体系等方面做以综述,旨在为我国各级政府在“后疯牛病时期”制定相应的疯牛病的防治政策提供参考.     

基于GPR与概率神经网络的城市道路路基病害预警模型研究

近年来由道路路基病害所导致的城市道路塌陷事故频繁发生,造成人员伤亡和巨大的经济损失。针对城市道路路基病害所带来的诸多问题与安全隐患,提出了一种基于探地雷达与概率神经网络的城市道路路基病害预警模型。首先在分析路基病害成因的基础上建立了城市道路路基病害评价指标体系;然后依托城市道路路基病害动态演化物理模型,使用探地雷达采集并积累样本数据;最后基于样本数据建立概率神经网络预警模型并进行仿真分析,结果表明预警准确率达到88.9%。该预警模型在郑州市中牟县的滨河路和荟萃路进行了应用试验,预警结果与实际情况基本吻合,表明该预警模型可对城市道路路基病害做出有效预警,为道路养护和工程整治设计提供技术支撑。     

渡槽工程的病害分析与防治研究

结合某大型渡槽工程实例,探索适用于该类工程的检测、评价与病害处治方法,结合检测信息进行三维数值模拟,以达到从整体与局部、内在机理与外因相结合的角度对渡槽进行病害综合分析.与以往仅从渡槽工程具体病害表象进行表层处理的方式不同,该方法是从引起结构病害的深层次原因方面进行分析研究.最后,在检测与分析的基础上,提出有针对性的病害治理方案.该方案已成功应用在工程的修补上,取得了较满意的结果.     

传染病命名问题纵谈

运用数据统计、定性分析、文献分析等方法,讨论我国传染病的命名方式、命名原则与命名过程,并对新冠肺炎的命名进行评析和给出建议。研究发现,我国法定传染病命名方式有病原学命名、流行病学命名、临床病学命名、借词命名、编序命名等,其中临床病学命名数量最多;我国法定传染病名称多由几种命名方式组合或交叉构成。传染病命名应遵守准确性、层次性、能产性、单义性、简明性、稳定性等术语学既定原则,另需重视和谐性、得体性两个原则。通过回溯传染性非典型肺炎的命名过程可知,传染病命名应允许名称的合理变动,区分不同命名主体的作用,国家卫生行政部门应慎重确立法定名称。     

Can online search data improve the forecast accuracy of pork price in China?

Online search data provide us with a new perspective for quantifying public concern about animal diseases, which can be regarded as a major external shock to price fluctuations. We propose a modeling framework for pork price forecasting that incorporates online search data with support vector regression model. This novel framework involves three main steps: that is, formulation of the animal diseases composite indexes (ADCIs) based on online search data; forecast with the original ADCIs; and forecast improvement with the decomposed ADCIs. Considering that there are some noises within the online search data, four decomposition techniques are introduced: that is, wavelet decomposition, empirical mode decomposition, ensemble empirical mode decomposition, and singular spectrum analysis. The experimental study confirms the superiority of the proposed framework, which improves both the level and directional prediction accuracy. With the SSA method, the noise within the online search data can be removed and the performance of the optimal model is further enhanced. Owing to the long-term effect of diseases outbreak on price volatility, these improvements are more prominent in the mid- and long-term forecast horizons.     

老年呼吸系统疾病患者最佳护理方法探索

目的：探索老年呼吸系统疾病患者最佳护理方法。方法：对80例老年呼吸系统疾病患者,根据病房护理、呼吸道护理、用药护理、心理护理及基础护理等方法进行护理。结果：减轻了老年呼吸系统疾病患者的痛苦,减少了并发症的发生。结论：应用科学有效的护理方法护理,老年呼吸系统疾病患者恢复效果明显。     

Stable silver nanoparticles–aptamer bioconjugates for cellular prion protein imaging

Combining the unique optical properties of metal nanoparticles and the specific recognition of aptamer,aptamer–nanoparticle conjugates have been extensively used in a wide range of applications,particularly multifunctional nanoparticles for cell detection and molecular imaging.Conventional conjugates prepared by chemisorption of monothiol-modified oligonucleotides onto nanoparticle surfaces suffer from a lack of stability when exposed to a variety of small molecules.If silver is used in place of gold,then this lack of stability is even more pronounced.In this study,we reported here the effective and facile strategy of preparing stable silver nanoparticle–aptamer conjugates by in situ generation of strong metal affinity capping ligands,dithiocarbamates modified anti-prion protein aptamer.The conjugates produced are stable and can withstand NaCl concentration at0.25 mol/L.Meanwhile,they could be applied in the cellular prion protein imaging successfully.