甘肃武都米仓山红芪研究Ⅲ.红芪多糖的免疫作用及其对荷瘤小鼠淋巴细胞内cAMP,DNA含量的影响

用100、300、400、500及700mg/kg的红芪多糖腹腔注射正常及荷瘤小鼠,结果表明,该剂量能显著提高正常小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力及循环抗体的含量。(100,300mg/kg P<0.01,500,700mg/kg p<0.05),400mg/kg能使接种2×10~3个HA腹水型肝癌细胞的荷瘤小鼠淋巴细胞内cAMP和DNA含量明显增加,并能抑制小鼠AH细胞的增殖,其抑制率为51％(<0.01)。     

Utilization of phosphate compounds for growth ofTetrahymena

Summary Taking advantage of a synthetic nutrient medium, we have studied which compounds phosphate-starvedTetrahymena thermophila can use as phosphate sources for growth and cell multiplication. Ortho-, trimeta- and -glycero-phosphate are good sources for both the wild type and a food-vacuoleless mutant; phosphorylcholine is used only by the wild type, and 2-aminoethyl phosphonic acid fails to serve as a phosphate source. Since at least two phosphatases are found in the extracellular fluid these results indicate thatTetrahymena can make use of extracellular digestion of nutrients.     

海参寡肽:免疫调节作用及机制研究

 为研究海参寡肽对小鼠的免疫调节作用及机制,试验选取250只SPF级雌性BALB/c小鼠,随机分为5组:空白对照组,乳清蛋白组(0.30 g/kg),0.15、0.30、0.60 g/kg海参寡肽组。连续灌胃30 d后,通过测定ConA诱导的小鼠淋巴细胞转化实验、迟发型变态反应、抗体生成细胞、血清溶血素水平、小鼠碳廓清实验、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验、自然杀伤(NK)细胞活性,观察海参寡肽对小鼠细胞免疫、体液免疫、单核-巨噬细胞吞噬和NK细胞活性的影响,并通过流式细胞术对脾脏T淋巴细胞亚群进行分析。结果表明:海参寡肽显著提高了小鼠细胞免疫、体液免疫、单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能及NK细胞活性(P<0.05),且效果优于乳清蛋白。通过T淋巴细胞亚群分析表明,海参寡肽显著提高了脾脏CD3⁺百分比和CD4⁺百分比(P<0.05)。由此可知,海参寡肽可能通过增加T淋巴细胞数和Th细胞比例,介导细胞免疫、体液免疫功能、单核-巨噬细胞吞噬能力和NK细胞活性的增强作用,起到增强免疫功能的效果。     

短蛸血细胞的形态结构、类型、细胞化学特性及其吞噬活性研究

血细胞作为免疫防御的第一道防线,在软体动物的非特异性免疫系统中具有重要作用.为了揭示头足类动物血细胞的形态结构、生物学性质及其免疫学功能,实验利用活体染色、细胞化学和电镜技术等对短蛸血细胞的形态结构、类型、细胞化学性质及其弧菌吞噬活性进行了研究.研究结果显示：短蛸血细胞具有大透明细胞、小透明细胞、小颗粒细胞和大颗粒细胞4种类型.大透明细胞约占血细胞总数22.6%,平均直径为11.64±0.82?μm,胞质中没有或仅含有很少量的颗粒,细胞表面光滑无伪足伸出;小透明细胞约占血细胞总数的1.7%,平均直径为8.88±0.88?μm,胞质中仅含有少量颗粒,细胞核对台盼蓝呈阳性反应,核质比较大;小颗粒细胞约占血细胞总数的50.7%,平均直径为12.82±1.54?μm,胞质中具有许多大小较为均一的嗜碱性小颗粒,有些细胞内还含有小空泡,不为中性红所着色,疑为颗粒脱内容物所致,细胞表面有较短伪足伸出;大颗粒细胞约占血细胞总数的25.20%,平均直径为13.66±1.50?μm,胞质中具有大小不匀的许多嗜碱性颗粒,有些细胞内也含有不为中性红所着色的较大空泡,细胞表面有许多长伪足伸出.颗粒细胞中所含有的大量嗜碱性颗粒可能与蛋白质等分泌物的活跃合成有关.大颗粒细胞还具有全质分泌的特性,小透明细胞极可能是大颗粒细胞全质分泌后的一时性残余胞体.弧菌吞噬实验结果表明,两类透明细胞均没有弧菌吞噬活性,两类颗粒细胞均具有弧菌吞噬活性,暗示这两种颗粒细胞很可能是短蛸发挥细胞免疫功能的关键性细胞,不仅与某些物质的活跃合成与分泌有关,而且可能还直接参与了外来病原的吞噬及清除.研究结果为揭示短蛸血细胞在非特异性免疫防御中的作用奠定了基础,对于丰富软体动物免疫学也具有重要的科学价值.     

亮菌粗多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

通过对血清溶血素值、RES吞噬功能、IL-2的检测、NK细胞活性检测，研究亮菌多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响．结果表明：亮菌多糖体内给药能激活小鼠网状内皮系统，增强其吞噬功能；能明显拮抗环磷酰胺所致的小鼠溶血素抗体的降低；能提高Con A诱导小鼠体内淋巴细胞产生白介素．2的能力；可以增强小鼠脾脏NK细胞的活性．说明亮菌多糖能使小鼠机体免疫力增强．     

Cell adhesion in the life cycle ofDictyostelium

three forms of cell adhesion determine the life cycle ofDictyostelium: i) adhesion of bacteria to the surface of the growing amoebae, as the prerequisite for phagocytosis;ii) cell-substrate adhesion, necessary for both locomotion of the amoebae and migration of the slug;iii) cell-cell adhesion, essential for transition from the unicellular to the multicellular stage. Intercellular adhesion has received the most attention, and fruitful approaches have been developed over the past 25 years to identify, purify and characterize cell adhesion molecules. The csA glycoprotein, in particular, which mediates adhesion during the aggregation stage, is one of the best defined cell adhesion molecules. The molecular components involved in phagocytosis and cell-substratum adhesion are less well understood, but the basis has been laid for a systematic investigation of both topics in the near future.     

灵芝水提液对小鼠免疫功能的增强作用

实验小鼠饮用灵芝水提液，自由取食标准饲料30d之后，腹腔注射同浓度的灵芝水提液7d，检测体重、脏体比及腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能．结果表明，饮用灵芝水的小鼠平均日增体重大于阴性对照组，且实验小鼠的肝脏和脾脏与体重的脏体比较对照组有所增大，腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率显提高．实验结果说明，灵芝水提液能够增强小鼠的免疫功能．     

乳酸菌饲料添加剂对小鼠免疫功能的影响

观察了ＬＡＢＦＡ对小鼠免疫功能的影响．结果表明：ｉｇＬＡＢＦＡ１．２５、２．５Ｏ和５．００×１０７ＣＦＵ／只，每天１次，连续１２ｄ，能激活腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性，促进吞噬作用，对抗由Ｈｙｄ导致腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的降低；能提高血清溶血素及ＩｇＭ水平，促进抗体生成；能促进淋巴细胞转化，提高由ＣＲＢＣ诱发的ＴＤＨ反应；可增加胸腺和脾脏重量．这些结果说明ＬＡＢＦＡ对小鼠免疫功能有一定的促进作用．     

Purinergic systems in microglia

Accumulating findings indicate that nucleotides play an important role in microglia through P2 purinoceptors. P2 purinoceptors are divided into two families, ionotropic receptors (P2X) and metabotropic receptors (P2Y). P2X receptors (7 types; P2X₁ – P2X₇) contain intrinsic pores that open by binding with ATP. P2Y receptors (8 types; P2Y_{1, 2, 4, 6, 11, 12, 13 and 14}) are activated by nucleotides and couple to intracellular second-messenger systems through heteromeric G-proteins. Nucleotides are released or leaked from non-excitable cells as well as neurons in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Microglia express many types of P2 purinoceptors and are known as resident macrophages in the CNS. ATP and other nucleotides work as ‘warning molecules’ especially through activating microglia in pathophysiological conditions. Microglia play a key role in neuropathic pain, chemotaxis and phagocytosis through nucleotide-evoked activation of P2X₄, P2Y₁₂ and P2Y₆ receptors, respectively. These findings indicate that extracellular nucleotides are important players in the central stage of microglial function. Received 19 April 2008; received after revision 20 May 2008; accepted 23 May 2008     

TheDictyostelium cytoskeleton

New avenues of cytoskeleton research inDictyostelium discoideum have opened up with the cloning of the - and -tubulin genes and the characterization of kinesins and cytoplasmic dynein. Much research, however, continues to focus on the actin cytoskeleton and its dynamics during chemotaxis, morphogenesis, and other motile processes. New actin-associated proteins are being identified and characterized by biochemical means and through isolation of mutants lacking individual components. This work is shedding light on the roles of specific actin assemblies in various biological processes.