唾液酸与唾液酸识别蛋白研究进展

唾液酸（sialic acid）是广泛存在于生命系统中的一类蛋白类物质,近年来因其在生物学研究及生物制药领域的重要价值成为了研究热点。文章综述了唾液酸的特性、唾液酸识别蛋白的种类、唾液酸与唾液酸识别蛋白结合所产生的生物学效应等方面的最新研究进展。     

Interactions between HMG proteins (HMG1/2 and HMG14/17) and human ε-globin gene promoter (ε-promoter)

High mobility group (HMG) proteins are abundant non-histone proteins in the nuclei of eukaryocytes. It has been shown that HMG proteins may play important roles in the structure and function of chromatin. In the present study, thebinding of HMG proteins (HMG1/2 and HMG14/17) to the human ε-globin gene promoter (ε-promo- ter, -177-+1 bp) has been examined by using both the in vitro nucleosome reconstitution and the electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). We found that HMG1/2 proteins could bind to the naked ε-promoter DNA, however, HMG14/17 could not. Using the in vitro nucleosome recons- titution, we revealed that HMG14/17 could bind to the mononucleosome reconstituted in vitro with ε-promoter,whi- le HMG1/2 could not. Those results indicate that the binding of HMG proteins to ε-promoter is dynamic as the nucleo- some assembling and disassembling. Wespeculated that this selective binding of HMG proteins to ε-promoter might playa critical role in the regulation of ε-globin gene expression.     

采用阶段处理和多菌种固态发酵玉米秸秆的研究

目的 采用阶段处理和多菌种固态发酵玉米秸杆，提高玉米秸杆的饲料营养价值。方法 利用氨化法和白腐真菌Lx对玉米秸秆进行前处理，将康宁木霉和选育出的高活性黑曲霉Sy，瘤胃细菌X4，酵母Y2，接种于前处理过的玉米秸杆上进行多菌种共发酵。由正交试验得出最适培养条件。结果 在发酵温度30℃，pH5，发酵9d后，粗蛋白含量达24．61％，粗纤维降解率为48．37％。结论 该法为利用玉米秸杆生产蛋白饲料提供了新途径。     

Proteomic and molecular investigations revealed that Acidithiobacillus caldus adopts multiple strategies for adaptation to NaCl stress

Acidithiobacillus caldus plays an important role in commercial bioleaching.To understand how NaCl stress adaptation occurs in A.caldus,we grew A.caldus strain SM-1 in media containing high NaCl concentrations.SM-1 grew at concentrations of up to 1.0-mol L~(-1)NaCl,but growth was severely inhibited at higher concentrations.Proteomic analysis showed that SM-1 used multiple strategies to respond to NaCl stress.In addition to several heatshock proteins,enzymes involved in proline biosynthesis increased under NaCl stress.In addition,two DNA-binding proteins and a third protein of unknown function(Atc_(1291)),which was subsequently identified as a putative single-stranded DNA-binding protein,were up-regulated in the presence of NaCl stress.These DNA-binding proteins might play a role in response to osmotic stress.Atc_(1291)was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli.Surprisingly,we found that E.coli BL21/pET28a-atc_(1291)grew to higher cell densities than E.coli BL21/pET28a,regardless of NaCI stress.Homologs to Atc_(1291)were identified in several groups of Proleohacleria.The role of Atc_(1291)in enhancing cell growth needs further investigation.     

2,4,6-三氯苯酚废水处理过程对污泥性能和菌群结构的影响

为考察2,4,6-三氯苯酚（2,4,6-TCP）废水处理过程对污泥性能和菌群结构的影响,利用序批式生物反应器（Sequencing Batch Reactor,SBR）处理2,4,6-TCP模拟废水,通过逐步提高进水2,4,6-TCP浓度（10-50 mg/L）的方式进行试验。结果表明,经10 mg/L 2,4,6-TCP驯化的活性污泥可有效降解进水化学需氧量（Chemical Oxygen Demand,COD）和2,4,6-TCP,提高进水2,4,6-TCP浓度基本不影响污泥性能。当处理不同浓度的进水2,4,6-TCP的SBR处于稳定运行阶段末期时,污泥絮体中多糖和蛋白质含量随进水2,4,6-TCP浓度的提高而升高,脱氢酶（Dehydrogenase,DHA）、过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）的活性同样随进水2,4,6-TCP浓度的提高而升高。经2,4,6-TCP驯化的污泥中降解2,4,6-TCP的功能菌属显著富集,虽然不同浓度的进水2,4,6-TCP和不同的SBR运行阶段影响微生物多样性,但不同污泥中的微生物菌属具有一定的相似性。因此,通过逐步提高进水2,4,6-TCP浓度的方式驯化污泥可实现废水中2,4,6-TCP的有效去除。本研究的实施可为氯酚废水及其他难降解工业废水的处理提供科学指导。     

硫酯蛋白家族保守区域分析

硫酯蛋白家族(thioester-containing proteins,TEPs)广泛分布于动物界,在动物非特异性免疫反应中发挥了重要的作用,然而其家族成员多,分子进化关系复杂.本研究从基因数据库中挑取已收录TEPs家族各成员的氨基酸全序列,包括α2-巨球蛋白、补体3、补体4、murinoglobulins、卵巨球蛋白、妊娠区带蛋白,α-1-抑制因子等.多重序列比对分析TEPs家族各成员间功能位点和保守区域的变化,构建系统进化树分析TEPs家族分子进化.TEPs家族除保守的GC*EQ**硫酯键区域及两侧的脯氨酸残基,还有7个完全保守的氨基酸残基及G*****Q*T,FPETW,QTD,KPTVK等保守区域.上述分析结果可为深入研究TEPs家族分子进化及动物非特异性免疫进化提供参考.     

抗冻蛋白的作用机制及基因工程研究进展抗冻蛋白的作用机制及基因工程研究进展汪少芸

分析了抗冻蛋白的作用机制及基因工程的研究进展.抗冻蛋白是一类具有热滞效应、冰晶形态效应和重结晶抑制效应的蛋白质.近些年的工作主要集中在该类蛋白质抗冻机制及基因工程的研究上.抗冻蛋白具有广泛的应用前景,它不但可以应用于食物的冷鲜贮存及移植器官的低温保存,还可通过转基因提高经济作物的抗冻能力.     

桐饼蛋白质溶解性质的研究

桐饼中含有２０．９％的粗蛋白和１０．７％的粗脂肪，其中的蛋白质主要是球蛋白和清蛋白等，在水溶液中可以表现出较高的溶解性能．但环境条件如温度、系统ｐＨ值、浸提时间、固液比（Ｗ水／Ｗ饼）等对桐饼蛋白质的溶解性能都有较大的影响，且以系统ｐＨ值的影响最大，系统温度的影响次之，Ｗ水／Ｗ饼主要以间接作用影响．桐饼蛋白质是一类酸性蛋白质，其等电点约等于３．５，且对热较敏感；５０℃即有明显的热变性，并导致其在水中的溶解能力大幅度下降．     

The application of the high-performance ion-exchange chromatography for the analysis of bovine milk proteins

Summary A high-performance ion-exchange chromatographic (HPIEC) method for the analysis of milk proteins is described. The technique provides an alternative to other separation methods. The resolution obtained for both the proteins of the casein group and bovine lactoserum is comparable with that of electrophoretic analysis on polyacrylamide gels and low-pressure chromatography.