揭开嗅觉之奥秘

简要介绍了2004年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主和获奖成就,并阐述了嗅觉与生活和体育运动的密切关系.     

大型火力发电厂湿陷性黄土场地地基处理方案的优化

通过在深厚严重的自重湿陷性黄土场地对某火力发电厂主要建筑物采用人工挖孔扩底桩和挤土夯扩钢筋混凝土大头桩两种地基处理方法的现场试验及分析比较,综合考虑安全、经济等多种因素,对可行的地基处理方法进行了论证和优化设计,以期为以后湿陷性黄土地区地基处理提供一些经验.     

Perception of olfactory and intranasal trigeminal stimuli following cutaneous electrical stimulation

Based on previous research it may be hypothesized that the perception of odorants is modified by an axon reflex emanating from trigeminal afferents activated via the skin and/or the intranasal respiratory epithelium. The present experiment investigated the effects of trigeminal cutaneous stimulation on intensity estimates of intranasal chemical stimuli. While the left nostril was stimulated chemically with olfactory and trigeminal stimulants, four regions of the face were stimulated electrically. Intensity estimates of the chemical stimuli tended to increase after cutaneous electrical stimulation which may be interpreted in terms of response priming. The effect of electrical stimulation did not differ at the 4 stimulation sites. The results argue against the hypothesis that the processing of intranasal chemical stimuli is modified peripherally by cutaneous trigeminal excitation.     

The migration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons from the medial alfactory placode into the medial basal forebrain

Summary Over the years, investigators have noticed, in a wide variety of species of vertebrates, large numbers of cells migrating from the olfactory placode to the forebrain. These cells were considered to be Schwann cells or ganglion cells of the terminalis nerve. Recently, immunocytochemical localization studies have shown that many of these migrating cells contain luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), a brain peptide that regulates reproductive functions by evoking the release of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary gland. The origin of LHRH cells in the epithelium of the medial olfactory placode, their migration across the nasal septum and into the forebrain, with branches of the terminalis nerve, also a derivative of the medial part of the olfactory placode, has led to some interesting speculations, from evolutionary and physiological perspectives, about the origin of these cells and the role of the terminalis nerve in their migration.     

Sensory basis of bird orientation

Summary Sensory information which may be essential for the complex process of orientation of birds is described in this article. The use of vibrational, visual, chemical, olfactory, magnetic cues and their receptive mechanisms, as far as they are known, are explained. Special reference is given to the behavioral and physiological aspects of magnetic sensitivity.     

蒸发冷却室外设计计算参数的确定方法

为了确定蒸发冷却用室外设计计算参数,根据目前国内外对蒸发冷却气象参数的研究及现有规范中对空调和通风室外气象参数的规定,综合考虑蒸发冷却空调系统的设计要求,应用现有气象参数数据库中的逐时气象参数对蒸发冷却夏季室外设计计算参数进行了较为系统和深入的探讨。以位于干燥地区、中等湿度地区、高湿度地区的3个代表城市为例,通过3种确定方法得到了代表城市的蒸发冷却用室外设计计算参数。     

不同温度处理对郁金香鳞茎中水分及干物质含量的影响

为了探讨低温处理对郁金香鳞茎芽体发育和解除休眠的影响,取Apeldoorn品种周径8~10 cm的鳞茎为试验材料,分别置于2℃、5℃、9℃冷藏箱和10~18℃室温下贮藏,在0周、2周、4周、6周、8周、10周、12周、14周8个时间段,测定鳞茎体积、水分、干物质和还原糖含量的变化,间接揭示温度对芽体发育和解除休眠的作用。试验表明,在不同温度处理下,随贮藏时间延长鳞茎的体积减小,鲜重降低,总含水量、自由水含量均降低;干物质相对含量随处理时间的延长而呈上升趋势;还原糖含量伴随花芽分化、花芽发育和解除休眠呈现规律性变化。试验得出,在2℃、5℃下的贮藏处理,有利于鳞茎水分和干物质保存,有利于延长鳞茎的贮存寿命。     

球根花卉种球休眠机理与激素调控

文中扼要综述了球根花卉种球休眠的特点和类型、环境因素对种球休眠的影响,种球休眠期间的生理变化以及植物激素对休眠的调控等方面的研究进展,并分析了种球休眠的可能生理机制。     

Zn2+、Ca2+及其相互作用对大蒜根尖生长和细胞分裂的影响

用不同浓度的Zn2+、Ca2+和Zn2++Ca2+溶液处理大蒜鳞茎发现;Ca2+能抑制Zn2+的毒害,明显提高细胞分裂比率,促进根尖生长,降低异常细胞比率.基本趋势为根的长度和细胞分裂比率为Ca2+>Zn2++Ca2+>Zn2+,异常细胞比率为Ca2+>Zn2+>Ca2++Zn2+.     

郁金香春节促花栽培

郁金香是世界名贵花卉,但多数是在温室大棚里培育出来的。本文介绍了打破常规、进行自然条件下的郁金香春节促花栽培的方法。