镜像神经元与他心认知

镜像神经元的经验发现,被部分发现者和模拟论者解读为基于模拟的心理阅读的神经基础,即亚个人水平的隐模拟过程或映像过程,支撑着个人水平的、有意识内省的显心理模拟。本文分析考察这种哲学解读,认为镜像神经元的相关功能表明了它应该是人们对他人心理阅读能力的神经基础,但还不足以判定其到底支持ST还是TT的心理阅读方式。     

局域互联的IPA神经网络模型

提出了局域互联的Ｉｎｔｅｒ－ｐａｔｔｅｒｎＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ一ＩＰＡ神经网络的新概念。并对局域互联的ＩＰＡ网络的关联存储进行了计算机模拟和特性分析。结论是：在满足存储容量的限制下，局域互联的ＩＰＡ网络与传统的全局互联ＩＰＡ网具有同样的全局关联存储能力。但是，局域互联的ＩＰＡ网络的关联矩阵却小得多。因而，这有利于用一般的液晶空间光调制器实现较大规模的神经网络。     

Intrathalamic sensory connections mediated by the thalamic reticular nucleus

The thalamus and cerebral cortex are linked together to form a vast network of interconnections. Different modes of interactions among the cells in this network underlie different states of consciousness, such as wakefulness and sleep. Interposed between the dorsal thalamus and cortex are the GABAergic neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), which play a pivotal role not only in switching between the awake and sleep states but also in sensory processing during the awake state. The visual, somatosensory, and auditory sectors of TRN share many of the same organizational features. Each of these sectors contains maps, which are related to its inputs and outputs, and organizational components called ‘slabs.’ It is proposed that, during wakefulness, TRN is crucially involved in resetting the activity levels in sensory nuclei of the dorsal thalamus, which allows the cortex to actively and periodically compare its on-going sensory processing with the available sensory information. Received 11 May 1999; received after revision 15 July 1999; accepted 21 July 1999     

基于单神经元的卫星制导炸弹次最优制导律设计

为了满足卫星制导炸弹大着地角的弹道要求,基于单神经元进行了次最优制导律设计。首先建立了卫星制导炸弹运动状态方程,根据导出的次最优制导律形式构造了神经元,在此基础上建立了自适应参数优化回路,得到优化参数。利用设计所得的制导律进行了卫星制导炸弹六自由度全弹道仿真。由仿真结果与使用比例导引律的计算结果的比较可知,该文方法使弹着角增加了60％,避免了最优制导律的复杂推导过程。通过该文方法可直接得到适用于工程和仿真计算的形式简单的次最优制导律。     

Rulkov神经元的的簇放电类型与分岔条件

讨论了Rulkov神经元产生锥形簇放电、方形簇放电及峰放电的非线性动力学特征,尤其是锥形簇放电的放电规律和动力学特征。指出产生锥形簇放电的关键在于鞍结点分岔和flip分岔,属于fold/flip型簇放电;而锥形簇放电的持续距离随着控制参数的增加而增大。首次给出了单个神经元产生各种簇放电的参数取值范围。     

Achyranthes bidentata Blume extract promotes neuronal growth in cultured embryonic rat hippocampal neurons

We have prepared an aqueous extract of Achyranthes bidentata Blume, a commonly prescribed Chinese medicinal herb, and reported, in previous studies, that A. bidentata extract benefits nerve growth and prevents neuron apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the actions of A. bidentata extract on survival and growth of primarily cultured rat hippocampal neurons. The morphological observation revealed that neurite growth from hippocampal neurons was significantly enhanced by A. bidentata extract with similar effects to those induced by nerve growth factor (NGF), and the greatest neurite growth appeared on treatment with A. bidentata extract at 1 μg/ml for 24 h. DNA microarray analysis indicated that there were 25 upregulated genes and 47 downregulated genes exhibiting significantly differential expression in hippocampal neurons treated with A. bidentata extract at 1 μg/ml for 6 h when compared to those in untreated hippocampal neurons. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated that the expression of growth-associated protein-43 in hippocampal neurons was upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels after treatment with A. bidentata extract, and the optimal dosage of the extract was also 1 μg/ml. These data confirm that A. bidentata extract could promote in vitro hippocampal neuronal growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner.     

前向多层代数神经网络隐层神经元数目估计方法

结合目前估计前向三层神经网络隐层神经元数目的方法 ,提出一种向量不交关系来确定多层(层数 >3)前向代数神经网络隐层神经元的数目 ,该方法只须估计出第一隐层神经元的数目 ,其余各层神经数目利用不交关系的算法随之确定 ,通过多项式代数函数实例表明 ,该方法有效     

前掩蔽声时程所致的探测声频率感受野的变化

本实验在自由声场条件下,以阈上5 dB强度,神经元最佳频率(best frequency,BF)纯音作为掩蔽声,其时程分别为40、60、80和100 ms,观察掩蔽声对探测声频率感受野的影响,结果发现给不同时程的掩蔽声后,全部神经元的频率感受野都明显减小,P<0.001.用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)结果表明:掩蔽声对神经元频率感受野的抑制率随掩蔽声时程(masker duration,MD)的增加而变大,通过对高低频感受野抑制分析结果表明:掩蔽声对神经元高频感受野的抑制率明显高于低频部分,P<0.05.推测前掩蔽声的时程效应与掩蔽声激活的抑制性输入强度以及持续时间相关.