多晶硅太阳电池的有效等离子体氢钝化

文章报道了一种用于多晶硅太阳电池氢纯化的简单试验装置，等离子体氢是通过辉光放电方法产生。三类完成电极制作的多晶硅太阳电池用于氢纯化试验，伏安特性测试结果表明，经过等离子体氢纯化后的太阳电池性能都有所提高，电池的光电转换效率相对改善高达10.6%。     

大鼠肝细胞核仁超微结构与rDNA分布位点

以常规电镜及NAMA－Ur DNA特异染色技术对Wistar大鼠肝细胞核仁的超微结构和rRNA的分布进行了观察。常规电镜技术表明大鼠肝细胞核仁纤维中心（FC）是电子透明区，数量较多，形状不规则。密集纤维组分（DFC）是围绕FC的环状结构部分，电子密度很高。FC中的染色质存在着一个介于集缩和解集缩状态之间的变化过程。NAMA－Ur DNA特异染色技术表明核仁内rDNA呈分散性分布，主要分布于DFC中（包括FC）的边缘），同时观察到与核仁相随染色质相连的核仁内rDNA呈念珠状结构。     

二氧化硫对小鼠骨髓细胞微核的诱发及沙棘油的防护作用

研究了大气中二氧化硫 (SO2 )污染物的遗传毒理效应。采用 SO2 吸入染毒法 ,模拟 SO2 大气污染 ,从整体水平直接对短期与长期 SO2 吸入诱发小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞 (PCE)形成微核 (MN)的效应及沙棘油的防护作用进行了研究。结果表明 :(1)短期与长期 SO2 吸入均可引起小鼠骨髓 PCE细胞微核率和微核细胞率显著升高 ,且有明确的剂量 -效应关系 ;(2 )随着吸入的 SO2 浓度的增高 ,不仅单微核细胞率 ,而且双微核细胞率均显著升高 ;(3) SO2对阳性致突变剂乌拉坦诱发微核的作用有显著抑制效应 ;(4 )沙棘油对 SO2 诱发 PCE微核的效应有防护作用。从此可以结论 :SO2 空气污染物是哺乳类细胞染色体断裂剂和基因毒性因子、SO2 与阳性致突变剂的联合作用是复杂的 ,某些天然物质对 SO2 的毒效应有防护作用     

胚胎干细胞的培养体系综述

综述胚胎干细胞培养基，有饲养层培养体系和无饲养层培养体系的主要成分，以及无血清胚胎干细胞培养基。     

Hydrogen Production with High Evolution Rate and High Yield by Immobilized Cells of Hydrogen-producing Bacteria Strain B49 in a Column Reactor

To improve the hydrogen evolution rate in continuous hydrogen production of a novel fermentative hydrogen-producing bacteria strain B49 (AF481148 in EMBL), 4 % immobilized cells by polyvinyl alcohol-boric acid method, with the addition of a small amount of calcium alginate in a column reactor obtain hydrogen yield of 2.31 mol H2/mol glucose and hydrogen evolution rate of 1435.4 ml/L culture*h respectively at medium retention time of 2.0 h with a medium containing 10g glucose/L. Moreover, as the cell density in gel beads is increased to 8%, hydrogen yield and hydrogen evolution rate for 10g glucose/L are 2.34 mol H2/mol glucose and 2912.4 ml/L culture*h respectively at medium retention time of 1.0 h, and for molasses wastewater COD of 7505.9 mg/L hydrogen production potential of 205.6 ml/g COD and hydrogen evolution rate of 2057.7 ml/L culture*h at hydraulic retention time of 0.75 h are observed. In the continuous culture pH value keeps around 3.9 by self-regulating.     

Genistein inhibits human TNF-α-induced porcine endothelial cell adhesiveness for human monocytes and natural killer cells

Cellular immune response is a major barrier to xenotransplantation. Human tumor necrosis factor-α (hTNF-α) possesses cross-species activity and directly amplifies the immune rejection via the upregulation of adhesion molecules on porcine endothelium. We investigated the role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the induction of expression of E-sclectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and the augmentation of adhesion of human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMo) and natural killer cells (PBNK), after rhTNF-α-stimulation of porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) in vitro, rhTNF-α-increased adhesiveness of PAEC for both PBMo and PBNK was dose-dependently reduced by pretreatment of PAEC with the selective protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor genistein. The inhibitory effect occurred at the early time of PAEC activation triggered by rhTNF-α, and was completely reversible. PTK activity assay indicated that genistein also suppressed rhTNF-α stimulated activation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) in PAEC in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis showed that genistein inhibited the upregulation of E-selectin and VCAM-1 by rhTNF-α. These results suggest that PTKs may regulate the expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1 on PAEC and the adherence of PBMo and PBNK induced by rhTNF-α. Moreover, dietary genistein, used as an adhesion antagonist, may contribute to managing the cell-mediated rejection in the clinical application.     

病毒微生物农药生产新工艺

本文综述了病毒微生物农药生产的新工艺,即应用昆虫培养细胞产生病毒微生物农药。同时还介绍了昆虫细胞培养基、培养方法和核多角体病毒生产的工艺过程。也指出应用昆虫培养细胞生产病毒存在的问题。     

Age-related differences in the effect of in vivo administration of indomethacin on hemopoietic cell lineages of the spleen and bone marrow of mice

During 21 days of indomethacin treatment, erythroid cells in the spleens of both young adult and older mice, and in the bone marrow of young adult mice, were increased significantly early, in treatment, relative to age-matched control organs, and remained high throughout treatment. During drug exposure, the numbers of myeloid cells in young adult bone marrow, but not spleen, were reduced, but in older mice these cells were elevated in both organs. Lymphoid cells in the young adult and older mouse spleens decreased and increased, respectively, during treatment, but were unchanged and decreased, respectively, in the bone marrow of young adult and older mice. Monocytemacrophage cells in the spleen were elevated but unchanged in the bone marrow of both age groups. During 14 days of indomethacin treatment of houng adult mice, the proportions of precursor cells in DNA synthesis of only the splenic erythroid lineage were increased. Thus, the major hemopoietic lineages in both the bone marrow and spleen are affected by exposure to indomethacin in a time-dependent and age-dependent manner. For all lineages studied, those of the bone marrow were least disturbed, and/or were first to recover, even during continued drug exposure.     

蝙蝠葛碱增强博莱霉素A5对肿瘤细胞的毒性

应用增殖抑制方法发现,无生长抑制作用的0.5mg ·L~(-1)的蝙蝠葛碱(Dau)使博莱霉素A_5单独对小鼠肉瘤S-180V细胞作用的I_(C50)值从2.1mg·L~(-1)降低到1.3mg·L~(-1),无抑制作用的1 mg·L~(-1) Dau使博莱霉素A_5单独对人喉癌HEP2细胞作用的I_(C50) 值从0.33 mg·L~(-1)降低到0.1 mg·L~(-1).克隆形成法证明:无细胞毒性的10 mg·L~(-1)的Dau明显增强博莱霉素A_5对HEP2细胞毒性.TFP法证实,有一定生长抑制作用的Dau对HEP2细胞内活化钙调素有影响.结果表明:蝙蝠葛碱有一定的增强博莱霉素A_5对肿瘤细胞的毒性.     

Ventral neural tube cells differentiate into hepatocytes in the chick embryo

A population of ventral neural tube cells has recently been shown to migrate out of the hind brain neural tube via the vagus nerve and contribute to the developing gastrointestinal tract. Since liver is also innervated by the vagus nerve, we sought to determine if these cells also migrate into the liver. Ventral neural tube cells in the caudal hindbrain of chick embryos were tagged with a replication-deficient retroviral vector containing the LacZ gene on embryonic day 2. Embryos were processed for detection of labeled cells on embryonic day 5 and 11. Labeled cells were seen in the liver on both days and identified as hepatocytes. Previously, it was believed that all hepatocytes develop from the gut endoderm. Results of the present study show an additional source for the formation of liver cells. Received 25 August 1998; received after revision 5 November 1998; accepted 5 November 1998