硝化颗粒污泥的成长特性

研究了649μm、1 171μm和1 571μm三个粒径、不同初始生物量的硝化颗粒污泥90 d内的硝化性能,发现颗粒比增长速率μd、生物量比增长速率μg的变化均随粒径增大而减小.其成因在于硝化颗粒污泥内部生态环境、菌群和生物量随污泥粒径增长发生了变化,可以用引入比代谢速率后的生物量变化模型来描述这种变化.     

代谢工程和作物改良

基因组学和植物生理生化是通过基因工程改良作物的基础 .借助于这些基础研究 ,通过基因工程调控代谢途径 ,提高了油菜籽粒中的油脂含量和拟南芥种子中的维生素 E活性 ,使水稻的胚乳中能合成维生素A原 ,增加了水稻在碱性土壤中吸收铁的能力 ,展示了代谢工程在定向改良作物中的应用前景     

棕色田鼠静止代谢率的比较研究

以棕色田鼠的耗氧量为指标，探讨了雌（哺乳和非哺乳），雄棕色田鼠能量代谢的特征，结果表明，在热中性区（20－25．0℃），棕色田鼠静止代谢率为2．4601moO2/g/h，是期望值的175．70％，其中哺乳雄鼠为2．5843mlO2/g/h，是期望值的190．68％，非哺乳雌鼠为2．3477mlO2/g/h，是期望值的164．92％，雄鼠为2．3949mlO2/g/h，是期望值的165．37％，棕色田鼠在22．5℃时的平均热传导为0．1797mlO2/g/h/℃，棕色田鼠较高的RMR（繁殖期更高），稍高的热传导率，是对生存环境的适应性反应。     

Triplet repeat disorders: discussion of molecular mechanisms

Comparison of the growing number of disorders known to be associated with triplet repeat expansions reveals both common features and a diversity of molecular pathways. Despite significant progress towards the characterization of proteins coded by the mutant genes, the complex nature of these disorders requires identification of all molecular components of the triplet repeat pathways. In this brief review we will discuss recent progress in determining the molecular mechanisms of disorders with unstable trinucleotide mutations. Received 13 January 1999; received after revision 8 March 1999; accepted 9 March 1999     

Neurobiology and neuroimmunology of Tourette’s syndrome: an update

Tourettes syndrome is a childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of both multiple motor and vocal tics. While the pathogenesis at a molecular and cellular level remains unknown, structural and functional neuroimaging studies point to the involvement of the basal ganglia and related cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits as the neuroanatomical site for Tourettes syndrome. Moreover, Tourettes syndrome has a strong genetic component, and considerable progress has been made in understanding the mode of transmission and in identifying potential genomic loci. Summaries of recent findings in these areas will be reviewed, followed by a critical overview of findings both supporting and challenging the proposed autoimmune hypothesis of Tourettes syndrome. We conclude that Tourettes syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder, and that immune factors may indeed be involved in some patients.Received 12 August 2003; received after revision 8 October 2003; accepted 31 October 2003     

Human mitochondrial tRNAs in health and disease

The human mitochondrial genome encodes 13 proteins, all subunits of the respiratory chain complexes and thus involved in energy metabolism. These genes are translated by 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), also encoded by the mitochondrial genome, which form the minimal set required for reading all codons. Human mitochondrial tRNAs gained interest with the rapid discovery of correlations between point mutations in their genes and various neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, emerging fundamental knowledge on the structure/function relationships of these particular tRNAs and an overview of the large variety of mechanisms within translation, affected by mutations, are summarized. Also, initial results on wide-ranging molecular consequences of mutations outside the frame of mitochondrial translation are highlighted. While knowledge of mitochondrial tRNAs in both health and disease increases, deciphering the intricate network of events leading different genotypes to the variety of phenotypes requires further investigation using adapted model systems.Received 3 December 2002; received after revision 14 January 2003; accepted 27 January 2003     

Bow-tie topological features of metabolic networks and the functional significance

Exploring the structural topology of genome-based large-scale metabolic network is essential for in- vestigating possible relations between structure and functionality.Visualization would be helpful for obtaining immediate information about structural organization.In this work,metabolic networks of 75 organisms were investigated from a topological point of view.A spread bow-tie model was proposed to give a clear visualization of the bow-tie structure for metabolic networks.The revealed topological pattern helps to design more efficient algorithm specifically for metabolic networks.This coarse- grained graph also visualizes the vulnerable connections in the network,and thus could have important implication for disease studies and drug target identifications.In addition,analysis on the reciprocal links and main cores in the GSC part of bow-tie also reveals that the bow-tie structure of metabolic networks has its own intrinsic and significant features which are significantly different from those of random networks.     

大众艺术体操锻炼对中年女性预防代谢综合征的作用研究

研究结合中年女性生理特点,通过两年的大众艺术体操锻炼实验,分析健康中年女性的体质指数、心率、血压、血糖、血脂等与代谢综合征密切相关的生理生化指标在实验前后的变化,探讨长期参加大众艺术体操锻炼对代谢综合征的预防作用。结果表明两年的大众艺术体操锻炼使健康中年女性保持原正常的BMI、HR、DBP、BS、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平,降低了SBP水平,有效减缓了各项指标向不利于健康方向发展的趋势,对代谢综合征的预防起到一定的作用。     

微生物合成黄酮类化合物的研究进展

目前,工业生产黄酮类化合物面临价格昂贵等一系列问题,因此用微生物廉价生产黄酮类化合物具有重要意义。近年来系统代谢工程的出现,提供了一个全新的角度来解决传统受限制的生物工业过程。介绍了利用代谢流调控、强化前体物质积累等代谢工程策略,实现微生物法生产黄酮类化合物的国际研究状况,希望对解决目前大规模生产黄酮类物质存在的限制和挑战提供参考。     

基于GC-MS研究不同产地三色藜麦种子的代谢物差异

为了研究不同生境对藜麦发育的影响,以不同产地的藜麦种子为研究对象,筛选显著差异代谢物质和相关代谢通路,利用GC-MS平台进行非靶向代谢组学分析,分析了青海都兰县和四川盐源县两地产出的黑藜、红藜、白藜种子的代谢轮廓,将原始数据经XCMS online平台预处理后进行后续多元统计分析。结果表明,青海都兰县和四川盐源县两地的黑、红、白藜麦种子的代谢特征均不相同,其中红藜麦种子与白藜麦种子差异较大,而黑藜麦种子差异最小;红藜存在显著差异,共有特征峰570个,上调物少于下调物;黑藜差异最小,上、下调趋势与红藜一致;白藜差异较大,上、下调趋势与红藜和黑藜相反,共有特征峰486个,上调物质多于下调物质;不同生境对藜麦的影响较大,黑藜和红藜更适宜在青海都兰县种植,而白藜更适宜在四川盐源县种植。研究结果可以指导青海都兰县和四川盐源县两地藜麦的栽培育种,也为深入研究藜麦的抗逆性机理提供了理论依据。