钛合金表面稀土碳纳米管薄膜制备及其摩擦磨损性能分析

使用稀土对碳纳米管进行表面修饰,采用自组装技术在医用钛合金表面制备稀土改性碳纳米管复合薄膜,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）对稀土改性碳纳米管复合薄膜的形貌及组成进行表征,并使用UMT-2MT型动-静摩擦系数精密测定仪评价薄膜的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明：在钛合金表面能够制备出硅烷薄膜及稀土改性碳纳米管复合薄膜;稀土元素能显著改善碳纳米管的表面活性,并作为基底与碳纳米管的联接介质;稀土改性碳纳米管复合薄膜的摩擦系数约为0.13,减摩效果显著,且薄膜具有良好的耐磨性能.
     

7050铝合金热挤压成形过程的有限元模拟

针对传统工程机械用销轴数量多、重量大、工况差等不足,以7050高强轻质铝合金代替传统钢质材料,采用DEFORM‐3D有限元分析软件,对7050铝合金热挤压成形过程进行有限元数值模拟,分析了挤压载荷、金属流动速率、等效应变、等效应力和温度场等参量的变化规律。结果表明,销轴的热挤压变形过程可分为4个阶段,即挤压填充阶段、开始挤出阶段、稳定挤压阶段和终了挤压阶段;工件内部等效应变分布横向均匀性较好,除了尾部变形不均匀外,其他部位应变分布基本一致;在挤压凹模模口处形成死区,工件内部等效应力达到最大值。     

Fe-Mn-Si记忆合金激光焊接数值模拟

利用有限元方法,对Fe-Mn-Si记忆合金平板激光对接焊的温度场和应力场进行三维数值模拟。根据激光焊接特点,建立表面高斯热源和锥形体热源结合的复合热源模型,并编制APDL子程序实现焊接热源的加载和移动。结合材料非线性、相变潜热、边界换热条件等因素,通过模拟计算得到焊接过程中瞬态温度场分布和熔池尺寸,并分析整体温度场分布、焊接热循环特性。焊缝熔合线和尺寸的模拟结果与实际结果吻合良好,验证了模型的正确性。在温度场计算结果基础上,利用间接耦合法,对Fe-Mn-Si记忆合金激光焊的动态应力场和残余应力进行模拟计算,得到焊后最大残余应力为247 MPa,接近其屈服强度。     

Mg-Al和Mg-Li镁合金板在NaCl水溶液中的腐蚀行为

采用电化学方法分别研究了AZ31镁合金轧制板、AZ80镁合金轧制板、ZE42镁合金热挤压板、LZ91镁合金轧制板和LA101镁合金热挤压棒等5种不同的镁合金在质量浓度为5.0%氯化钠水溶液中的腐蚀行为。采用失重法测量每一种合金的腐蚀速率,并且采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了腐蚀产物的形貌,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了每种镁合金的相组成。结果表明:电势分布较为均匀的镁合金可减小镁合金的微电偶腐蚀趋势,5种镁合金板(棒)材在NaCl水溶液中的腐蚀速率由低到高的顺序是:AZ80AZ31LA101LZ91ZE42。经36 h浸泡腐蚀后,在NaCl水溶液中镁合金表面主要被腐蚀产物Mg(OH)_2所覆盖,且随着浸泡时间延长,所有镁合金均呈现出明显的点蚀特征,阳极溶解和局部腐蚀程度加重,发生析氢反应,最后变为均匀腐蚀。     

Effects of stress ratio on the temperature-dependent high-cycle fatigue properties of alloy steels

This paper addresses the effects of stress ratio on the temperature-dependent high-cycle fatigue (HCF) properties of alloy steels 2CrMo and 9CrCo, which suffer from substantial vibrational loading at small stress amplitude, high stress ratio, and high frequency in the high-temperature environments in which they function as blade and rotor spindle materials in advanced gas or steam turbine engines. Fatigue tests were performed on alloy steels 2CrMo and 9CrCo subjected to constant-amplitude loading at four stress ratios and at four and three temperatures, respectively, to determine their temperature-dependent HCF properties. The interaction mechanisms between high temperature and stress ratio were deduced and compared with each other on the basis of the results of fractographic analysis. A phenomenological model was developed to evaluate the effects of stress ratio on the temperature-dependent HCF properties of alloy steels 2CrMo and 9CrCo. Good correlation was achieved between the predictions and actual experiments, demonstrating the practical and effective use of the proposed method.     

激光冲击处理对小孔构件残余应力场的影响

采用高功率 Nd：glass 激光器对 LY12CZ 铝合金小孔构件表面进行激光冲击强化处理,并对冲击区域进行残余应力场的测试与分析。结果显示,在激光功率密度为1．75 GW/cm2和光斑直径为6 mm 的强激光冲击作用下,冲击区域产生了残余压应力场,层深约1．2 mm,表面最大残余应力为-57 MPa,厚度方向上最大残余应力为-36 MPa。优化后的激光冲击处理工艺参数能够获得较好的残余应力场。     

溶体超声处理对7050铝合金铸锭微观偏析的影响

采用不施加超声、施加300、1 000 W功率超声三种工艺处理半连铸成形7050铝合金大扁锭,并对不同铸锭的第二相形貌、溶质元素含量变化进行了分析.结果表明:经超声处理的铸锭,非平衡共晶组织变得细小而分散;超声作用下Zn、Mg和Cu元素的成分曲线较常规铸锭平缓,1 000 W超声作用效果更加明显,其Zn、Mg和Cu的晶内相对溶质固溶度分别提高6.36%,19.44%和10.14%;超声处理增大了各溶质元素的有效分配系数k_e值,凝固初期的增幅为0.04~0.24;1 000 W超声作用使铸锭芯部及边部区域的微观偏析得到有效弱化,而芯部距离边部1/2处作用效果相对较差;由于超声加速了凝固前沿的冷却速度,使更多的溶质原子固溶到α-Al中,Zn、Mg和Cu元素在铸锭中的微观偏析得到了改善.      

焊接速度对自适应双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接Al–Mg合金接头微观组织和机械性能的影响

The butt welds of 4-mm thick 5A06 aluminum alloy plates were produced by adjustable-gap bobbin-tool friction stir travel with travel speeds of 200, 300, and 400 mm/min in this study. The microstructure was studied using optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Tensile tests and microhardness measurements were performed to identify the effect of the travel speed on the joint mechanical properties. Sound joints were obtained at 200 mm/min while voids were present at different positions of the joints as the travel speed increased. The EBSD results show that the grain size, high angle grain boundaries, and density of geometrically necessary dislocations in different regions of the joint vary depending on the recovery and recrystallization behavior. Specific attention was given to the relationship between the local microstructure and mechanical properties. Microhardness measurements show that the average hardness of the stir zone (SZ) was greater than that of the base material, which was only affected slightly by the travel speed. The tensile strength of the joint decreased with increasing travel speed and the maximal strength efficiency reached 99%.     

Nb 对氢在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中扩散行为的作用

采用电化学氢渗透方法研究氢原子在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 和 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo-0.5Nb 合金中的扩散行为, 分析了 0.5%Nb(质量分数, 下同)对氢原子在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中扩散行为的作用. 研究结果表明: 当在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中添加 0.5%Nb 后, 合金的晶粒得到细化, 同时合金中析出大量弥散分布的细小 Fe$_{2}$Nb 相. 0.5%Nb 的添加大幅度降低了氢原子在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中的表观扩散系数, 使氢原子在合金中的扩散激活能提高了 50.3%. Nb 原子通过提高合金中的氢陷阱浓度, 有效降低了氢原子在 FeCrAlMo 基合金中的扩散速率.     

高耐蚀性锌镍合金镀层的研究

在氯化钾镀液中，选用ｘＡ－８８Ａ光亮剂，应用正交试验优选出一种耐蚀性较高的锌镍合金镀层的最佳工艺配方，并对镀液性能和镀层性能进行了研究．结果表明，在５％ＮａＣｌ的腐蚀环境中，Ｚｎ－Ｎｉ合金的耐蚀性能优于锌镀层；同时对电流密度、温度等因素对合金成分与镀层耐蚀性能的影响进行了讨论．