Description of a new hypogean species of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806 from eastern Spain and comments on the Trechus martinezi‐lineage (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Carabidae)

Trechus torressalai new species, a cave‐dwelling ground beetle from eastern Spain is described. Ecological data are also included. Diverse morphological characters suggest they belong in the Trechus fulvus‐group. Detailed study of the aedeagus suggests taxonomic affinities with Trechus martinezi Jeannel, Trechus alicantinus Español, and Trechus beltrani Toribio. The close relationship among these species reveals an adelphotaxon‐complex that constitutes the T. martinezi‐lineage, exclusive to the north‐eastern Betic Mountains. An identification key to the species and biogeographical comments on the T. martinezi‐lineage are also included.

Se describe Trechus torressalai nueva especie, carábido cavernícola del Este de España. Se incluyen datos sobre su ecología. Diversos caracteres morfológicos aconsejan su inclusión dentro del amplio grupo de Trechus fulvus. El estudio detallado de la genitalia masculina sugiere su proximidad taxonómica a Trechus martinezi Jeannel, Trechus alicantinus Español y Trechus beltrani Toribio. Las estrechas afinidades entre estas cuatro especies desvela un complejo de adelfotaxones que constituyen el linaje de T. martinezi, exclusivo del extremo nororiental de las montañas Béticas. Se aportan claves de identificación para estas especies. Se incluyen comentarios sobre la biogeografía del linaje de T. martinezi.     

视情维修条件下k/N(G) 系统备件供需联合优化

针对传统m视情维修策略下k/N(G)系统维修决策模型对备件可获取性考虑不足的问题,提出了(m,Q)维修策略及备件订购与生产的联合决策优化方法,建立了两种视情维修条件下k/N(G)系统备件供需联合优化模型。证明了在满足约束条件的同时,(m,Q)维修策略下的联合模型((m,Q, n) 策略模型)具有使目标函数最小的订购阈值m、订货量Q和订货次数n,m维修策略下的联合模型((m,n)策略模型)存在最优订货量m和订货次数n使目标值最小。此外,比较分析了不同模型参数对两种模型决策的影响,结果表明, (m,Q,n)策略模型得到的成本始终小于(m,n) 策略模型,而系统使用可用度始终高于(m,n)策略模型。     

计算机网络对抗行动策略的Markov博弈模型

在分析计算机网络对抗问题特点基础上，将博弈论与马尔可夫决策相结合，以折扣总回报值为目标函数，提出计算机 网络对抗行动的马尔可夫博弈新模型. 运用凸分析理论证明得到网络对抗新模型存在均衡策略，并将攻防双方的均衡策略转换为一个非线性规划问题进行求解. 通过算例分析，验证了方法的可行性和有效性.     

A Class of Genetic Algorithms on Bilevel Multi-objective Decision Making Problem

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｂｉｌｅｖｅｌｍｕｌｔｉ ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎｍａｋｉｎｇｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ[1] :ｍｉｎｘ Ｆ(ｘ ,ｙ) =ｍｉｎｘ (Ｆ1(ｘ ,ｙ) ,Ｆ2 (ｘ ,ｙ)… ,ＦＭ(ｘ ,ｙ) )　Ｍ 2　ｓ .ｔ.Ｇ(ｘ ,ｙ) 0ｍｉｎｙｉｆｉ(ｘ ,ｙｉ)　ｉ =1 ,2 ,… ,Ｐ　ｓ .ｔ.ｇｉ(ｘ ,ｙｉ) 0　ｉ =1 ,2 ,… ,Ｐ ( 1 )ｗｈｅｒｅｘ =(ｘ1,ｘ2 ,… ,ｘＮ)ａｎｄ ｙｉ=( ｙｉ1,ｙｉ2 ,… ,ｙｉｎｉ)ｓｔａｎｄｆｏｒｔｈｅｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎｖａｒｉａｂｌｅｏｆｔｈｅｕｐｐｅｒ …     

人体饮食营养配餐决策支持系统的研究与实现

介绍了营养配餐DSS(DecisionSuportSystem)的国内外现状，探讨了营养配餐的数学模型、人体饮食营养配餐DSS的实现，总结了它的意义和应用前景．主要内容有单目标与多目标数学模型、营养评价、数据流图、总体结构等．该系统对于帮助人们合理饮食、增强体质有重大的现实意义，也有很大的经济效益和社会效益．     

A Model for Design of Human Activity Systems

A background is given to the common failures of management information systems and the authors' view of the causes behind these failures. There seems to be a lack of effective methods for analyzing information requirements. Different scientific methods are discussed as to their propensity for analyzing the information requirements. The importance of the systems design approach instead of the system improvement approach is emphasized. The concept of Human Activity Systems is discussed and an analysis of the interdependence of the soft and hard parts of these systems indicates that an integrated view is necessary. A methodology based on a systemic and systematic analysis of the information requirements in an organization is proposed. This methodology focuses the settings of the decisions on all levels in organizations and also indicates organizational discrepancies and information imbalances. The methodology can be regarded as a dynamic, learning system.     

Market Share Model of Price and Advertising Combined Game in Duopoly

The marketing share model of price and advertising in a duopoly market was studied in this paper. Market response curves of price and advertising were presented to calculate the reasonable range based on the market forecast results. The interaction effect of price and advertising was considered,and the game theory was applied to a two-stage price and advertising competition which involved the market share model. A marketing decision support system (MDSS) was developed and simulation data was provided to give the solutions. The operation results show that the leading enterprise makes higher price,spends more on advertising,and earns more profit,while the small-scale enterprise has to lower the price,spend less on advertising,and has slightly higher profit rate. The system is shown to be adaptable to a wide variety of realistic situations.     

基于蒙特卡罗的消费投资决策模型研究

将消费和投资放在一个跨期最优化框架下,提出了基于蒙特卡罗风险评估的消费投资决策模型。首先,建立个体效用函数、劳动收入、跨期预算约束、投资机会及市场摩擦因素之间的数学表达式。然后,考虑劳动收入风险、投资收益风险,建立消费投资组合动态优化模型。最后,通过一个实例阐明所提出模型能更加有效地刻画实际市场中的消费投资情况,证明所设计算法的有效性。     

基于市场评价的产品决策方法

在分析已有产品决策方法的基础上,从全面分析产品的市场效果、市场前景出发,建立了包括效益性、发展性、竞争性、宏观性4方面因素的指标体系,采用效用函数中线性加权和法和模糊Borda数法,分别计算二级指标的评价值及评价对象的总得分,给出了企业产品综合评价的优序关系,为产品决策提供新的方法.     

具有非期望输出决策单元相对有效性评价的DEA模型

从生产可能集入手，将非期望输出直接反映到生产可能集中，并根据有效性的原理将决策单元的非期望输出和期望输出一起来进行相对有效性分析，并得到相应的面向输出的ＤＥＡ评价模型．