芦荟凝集素提取及促免疫活性功能初步研究

分别从3种有经济价值的芦荟品种,即中华芦荟（Aloe vera .ver.chinensis(Haw））,库拉索芦荟（Aloe barbadensis Mill)和木立芦荟（Aloe arborescens Mill)中采用凝胶层析法提取了3种凝集素,Lecl,Lec2和Lec3,经过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析其为单一成分的糖蛋白,比较了3种凝集素的糖和蛋白的含量,得出库拉索芦荟凝集素Lec2糖含量最高,木立芦荟凝集素Lec3蛋白含量最高,免疫学实验证明,库拉索芦荟凝集素的凝集效价最高,其次为木立芦荟,中华芦荟,3种凝集素对淋巴细胞转化功能都有明显的促进作用,其中库拉索芦荟凝集素Lec2的促淋巴细胞转化率最高,因此芦荟凝集素在治疗免疫功能低下方面可能有一定的应用价值。     

苦参凝集素的色氨酸残基修饰与荧光光谱研究

苦参凝集素（SFL）经等电聚焦测得其等电点为5.56,用比色法测得每分子SFL含有3个色氨酸残基,经N-溴代丁二酰亚胺（NBS）修饰表明其中2个Trp残基位于分子表面,当这2个Trp残基补修饰后,SFL的凝血活性完全丧失,糖保护试验表明,SFL专一性抑制糖Man能够保护SFL,阻断NBS对SFL的修饰作用,说明色氨酸不仅是SFL凝血活性所必需的,而且还参与其糖结合部位的组成,SFL随着NBS的逐渐修饰,其内源荧光光谱亦相应发生变化,结果表明分子表面的2个Trp残基可能位于分子的疏水袋中,而另一个Trp残基则埋藏于分子内部,荧光淬灭研究表明,丙烯酰胺能淬灭87%色氨酸残基的荧光。     

Pseudomonas lectin PA-I detects hybrid product of blood group AB genes in saliva

Summary Pseudomonas aeruginosa galactophilic lectin PA-I exhibits an outstanding affinity for soluble hybrid oligosaccharide products of human A and B genes in saliva of heterozygous AB individuals. Neither A nor B salivas, nor an artificial mixture of them, inhibit PA-I hemagglutinating activity to the same extent as saliva from heterozygotes. Other lectins examined do not exhibit this property.     

正常人和不育患者精子膜上凝集素受体的数量与部分性质

应用＾１２５Ｉ－ＣＫＬ对正常人和不育患者精子膜上凝集素受体进行研究的结果表明，不育精子膜上凝集素受体的差异，可能是不育的原因之一。     

Selective effects of gonadal steroids on the response of peripheral serotonin receptors

Summary The maximal contraction provoked by serotonin (5-HT) in isolated stomach strips of adult rats, a functional index for peripheral 5-HT receptors, was sexually differentiated, androgen-sensitive, and estrogen refractory. This is at variance with the reported sensitivity of central 5-HT receptors to estrogen.     

牛精细胞膜上凝集素受体的分离及其测定方法

应用非离子型去垢剂Brij58增溶牛精细胞获得的膜蛋白,经VBL-Sepharose4B亲和柱层析分离,可获得在PAGE、SDS-PAGE中均呈现单一蛋白带的VBL受体.其亚基分子最为46500d.牛精细胞经Brij58增溶的膜蛋白经用~(125)I标记,再经VBL-Sepharose4B亲和柱层析,也能获得~(125)标记的凝集素受体.经测定,用亲和层析法获得的凝集素受体,保持了原有的生物学活性.     

Cephalopod myocardial receptors: Pharmacological studies on the isolated heart ofSepia officinalis (L.)

Summary This paper presents a synopsis of the information available about the pharmacological action of various substances on the cephalopod heart, with special emphasis on the central heart ofSepia officinalis. Threshold concentrations, EC₅₀ values and maximum effective concentrations have been experimentally determined. Studies with various transmitter substances, analogous compounds and antagonists have led to the following picture: Acetylcholine is the natural inhibitory transmitter substance; it acts via receptors with nicotinic properties which can be blocked by d-tubocurarine and -bungarotoxin. The probable excitatory transmitter system is represented by a noradrenergic innervation. Noradrenaline has a positive inotropic and a positive chronotropic action on in vitro heart preparations. A positive inotropic response can also be evoked by serotonin (5-HT); this effect is not due to stimulation of the catecholamine receptor, as is shown by cross-over experiments with specific blocking agents. Furthermore, a peptidergic receptor system has been described which reacts with the molluscan cardioactive peptide FMRF amide most effectively. It is assumed that cardioactive peptides may reach the central heart in the circulating blood; the sites of synthesis and release are still unknown. Possibly the NSV-layer of the vena cava is involved in hormonal cardiovascular regulation processes.     

Genetic and molecular approaches to synthesis and action of the yeast killer toxin

Summary The K1 killer toxin ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae is a secreted, virally-coded protein lethal to sensitive yeasts. Killer yeasts are immune to the toxin they produce. This killer system has been extensively examined from genetic and molecular perspectives. Here we review the biology of killer yeasts, and examine the synthesis and action of the protein toxin and the immunity component. We summarise the structure of the toxin precursor gene and its protein products, outline the proteolytic processing of the toxin subunits from the precursor, and their passage through the yeast secretory pathway. We then discuss the mode of action of the toxin, its lectin-like interaction with a cell wall glucan, and its probable role in forming channels in the yeast plasma membrane. In addition we describe models of how a toxin precursor species functions as the immunity component, probably by interfering with channel formation. We conclude with a review of the functional domains of the toxin structural gene as determined by site-directed mutagenesis. This work has identified regions associated with glucan binding, toxin activity, and immunity.     

Isolation and characterization of biologically active lectin from Korean mistletoe, Viscum album var. Coloratum

A mistletoe lectin was isolated from water extracts of Korean mistletoe, a subspecies of Viscum album, grown on Quercus mongolica using CM-Sepharose chromatography followed by an affinity chromatography on a concanavalin A-Sepharose column. The compound proved to be a mistletoe lectin II with D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine specificity. Matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectroscopy showed it to have an average molecular mass of 62.7 kDa and to consist of two subunits of 30.6 kDa and 32.5 kDa. It was a basic protein with isoelectric points of 9.4 and 9.6 by capillary isoelectric focusing and was cytotoxic to Molt4 cell. Received 17 November 1998; received after revision 3 March 1999; accepted 3 March 1999