92种中草药的血凝活性测定

凝集素在研究细胞膜结构功能、分子识别、细胞免疫等方面的应用正不断扩大并日益引起重视．本实验选用了39科92种中草药的干制品（均未经炮制处理）,用NaCl－磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）提取、离心,取上清液在96孔V型微量血凝板上进行血凝活性效价测定．结果表明,阳性样品分属14科23种（占25％）均能使充红血球凝集,其中12种能使人红血球凝集．凝集效价最高为百合科的卷叶黄精,最低为百合科滇黄精和玉竹黄精．     

Ethanol influence on insulin secretion from isolated rat islets

Summary This study was done to delineate the role of - and -adrenergic receptors and cyclic AMP in the mechanism of ethanol effects on insulin release from isolated islets. Rats were given an -adrenergic blocker, phentolamine, or a -adrenergic blocker, propranolol. In addition, ethanol 1 g/kg was given intragastrically 1 h prior to sacrifice. Glucose mediated insulin release from isolated islets was enhanced by phentolamine and decreased by propranolol. Ethanol treatment inhibited glucose-induced insulin release from isolated islets of control rats as well as those given phentolamine and/or propranolol. Insulin release from isolated islets in response to dibutyryl-cyclic AMP was attenuated by ethanol. Theophylline enhanced glucose mediated insulin release from control islets but ethanol treatment produced a significant inhibition of insulin response. The data suggest that the site of action of the deleterious effects of ethanol on insulin release from isolated islets in rat does not involve adrenergic system and cyclic AMP.Supported by the U.S. Veterans Administration     

Why do hormone receptors arise?

Conclusions In view of the foregoing considerations, it appears that the receptor-hormone relationship is, by origin, essentially a cell-environment (chemical) relationship which influences cell behavior. With the development of multicellularity, the interests of the single (individual) cell became subordinated to those of the cell population (community), and the cell-environment relationship became modified inasmuch as receptor activity became integrated into the functional program of the entire organism. Accordingly, the open program of the individual cell, which involved continuous dynamic changes of the membrane receptors under the influence of the signal molecules, was superseded by a closed program for the given receptor, which gave rise to a chemical memory of the cell. With multicellularity the cellular functions have become integrated into an almost entirely predetermined program in which the quality and operation of the receptors are encoded to maintain the system of regulation, and impart differentiating features to given types of target cells which distinguish them from others, and delimit the response potentials of the species. A limited openness of the pre-programed system exists in the early stage of ontogenesis, and accounts for certain individual variations within the limited potentials of the species.The answer to the question posed in the title of this paper is therefore the following: the hormone receptors arise because the external environment of the individual cell is transformed at the multicellular level to an internal environment, in which the random variety of environmental molecules is replaced by a predetermined set of ligands (signal molecules). Under these conditions the randomlypresented membrane patterns capable of signal reception are transformed to encoded receptor structures which execute a programed function of the closed system, but nevertheless preserve some primordial traits, which can explain many surprising observations in the field of receptor physiology.The Editors wish to thank Professor G. Csaba for having designed and coordinated this review.     

基于色氨酸的生物受体合成与阳离子识别研究

以胺羧配体EDTA、DTPA作为二价模板框架,利用简便方法设计合成了以色氨酸为核心识别单元、含有苯丙氨酸的开链式结构生物受体,并利用荧光光谱和质谱等技术研究了受体与碱土金属离子(Ca2+、Ba2+、Mg2+)和过渡金属离子(Cu2+、Fe2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Mn2+、Zn2+、Cd2+)以及碱金属离子(Li+、Na+、K+)之间的相互作用.结果发现,在水溶液中金属离子与吲哚环之间存在相互作用,这两个受体对多种具有重要生物学和环境保护意义的金属离子有着良好的选择性识别作用.     

On the existence of cytokines in invertebrates

Based on the assumption that invertebrates, like vertebrates, possess factors regulating responses to infection or wounding, studies dealing with the evolution of immunity have focussed on the isolation and characterisation of putative cytokine-related molecules from invertebrates. Until recently, most of our knowledge of cytokine- and cytokine receptor-like molecules in invertebrates relies on functional assays and similarities at the physicochemical level. As such, a phylogenetic relationship between invertebrate cytokine-like molecules and vertebrate counterparts could not be convincingly demonstrated. Recent genomic sequence analyses of interleukin-1-receptor-related molecules, that is Toll-like receptors, and members of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily suggest that the innate immune system of invertebrates and vertebrates evolved independently. In addition, data from protochordates and annelids suggest that invertebrate cytokine-like molecules and vertebrate factors do not have the same evolutionary origin. We propose instead that the convergence of function of invertebrate cytokine-like molecules and vertebrate counterparts involved in innate immune defences may be based on similar lectin-like activities. Received 27 November 2000; received after revision 11 December 2000; accepted 13 December 2000     

半夏属植物凝集素基因片段克隆与序列分析

半夏属植物凝集素同其他天南星科植物凝集素一样,有3个甘露糖专一结合位点,且具显著的抗虫性.本研究根据已知掌叶半夏凝集素基因表达序列的相关信息设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法,分别从滴水珠、石蜘蛛、盾叶半夏、掌叶半夏、三叶半夏中克隆出长约530bp的凝集素基因片段.使用Genescan软件、ORF finder软件、Ex2PASy Proteomics Server软件对5个凝集素基因片段进行分析,结果表明:克隆出的滴水珠、石蜘蛛、盾叶半夏、掌叶半夏、三叶半夏凝集素基因片段分别编码107、171、170、170、170个氨基酸,在它们所编码的肽链中,都具有酪蛋白激酶II磷酸化位点、蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点和N-糖基化位点三类不同的功能位点.但由于编码序列碱基的突变,引起肽链中的氨基酸发生变化,从而导致这五种植株的凝集素基因存在较高的多态性以及存在功能位点的差异.其凝集素基因多态性及功能位点的差异对凝集素功能的影响需进一步分析.本实验为克隆五种植物凝集素基因的表达序列与结构基因以及深入研究半夏属凝集素的功能提供了有意义的参考资料.     

野亚麻蝇(Parasarcophaga Similis)幼虫凝集素的细胞凝集和糖抑制作用

野亚麻蝇幼虫凝集素的测定结果表明:它对人的A、B、O、AB血型红细胞,以及兔、豚鼠、大鼠、小鼠、鸽子的红细胞有凝集作用,其中对豚鼠红细胞凝集活性最高;但对牛、绵羊、鸡、鸭、龟、蛙、鳝鱼、鲤鱼、泥鳅的红细胞无凝集作用。对小鼠淋巴细胞凝集作用的浓度为18.75μg/ml,而对大鼠淋巴细胞凝集浓度则为150μg/ml,对牛的淋巴细胞无凝集活性。对肿瘤细胞的凝集作用很不相同,可凝集小鼠的S180、SP2/0、u14、LⅡ细胞,但不能凝集小鼠艾氏细胞,大鼠W256细胞、人Hela细胞和MGC80—3胃癌细胞。该凝集素对兔红细胞的凝集作用可被D—半乳糖,N—乙酰氨基半乳糖抑制。     

Toll样受体2的研究进展

Toll样受体家族（TOU likereceptors,TLRs）是先天性免疫系统进化过程中形成的非常保守的模式识别受体家族,Toll样受体2（T011-likereceptors2,TLR2）是已经克隆的Toll样受体家族中表达范围最广,识别病原微生物种类最多的成员。它可单独或协同其他Toll样受体家族成员完成对病原体相关分子模式的识别,触发机体对致病微生物的级联免疫应答,尤其是针对细胞毒素的抗炎症反应具有重要的作用,已经成为多种疾病治疗的新靶点。文章对N-SL动物TLR2的分布,结构特征,配体识别,信号转导及其生物学功能的最新研究进展进行了综述。     

性激素诱导大鼠前列腺增生的免疫组织化学研究

Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄性大鼠６５只分为正常对照组和实验组．后者均做双侧睾丸摘除术，术后３周根据不同的处理方法分为单纯阉割组、雄激素（Ｔ）处理组和不同比例雌雄激素处理组．以免疫组化ＡＢＣ法观察大鼠前列腺腹叶（ＲＶＰ）内雄激素受体（ＡＲ）和雌激素受体（ＥＲ）含量的变化。结果表明ＲＶＰ内ＥＲ变化不明显，ＡＲ含量在各实验组不同：单纯阉割组动物ＡＲ逐渐减少，雌激素（Ｅ２）与Ｔ同时处理较单用Ｔ处理ＡＲ增加更为显著，Ｅ２增加ＲＶＰ内ＡＲ含量的这种作用须在大鼠体内Ｔ大于一定含量时方能实现。提示Ｅ２可通过增加ＲＶＰ内ＡＲ的含量协同Ｔ对ＲＶＰ正常及异常生长的调节作用，本文对这种效应进行了讨论。     

液氧中浑浊物分析及处理

通过化学分析手段,分析了液氧浑浊的原因,排查了液氧浑浊可能存在的安全隐患,并根据分析结果,改变了局部工艺路线,达到了消除系统安全隐患、恢复液氧纯度的目的。