胰岛素抵抗大鼠血糖正常阶段肾脏超微结构改变

为观察胰岛素抵抗(IR)大鼠血糖正常阶段的肾脏超微结构改变.以高糖高脂饲料(2H)和高糖高脂高盐(3H)饲料喂养2月龄SD大鼠4个月,复制IR模型,普通饲料喂养的SD大鼠为正常对照,透射和扫描电镜观察肾脏结构.对2H组用透射电镜下观察,肾小球和肾小管基底膜明显增厚,分别为(2.23±0.88)μm,(0.86±0.25)μm,P＜0.01,系膜区增宽,足突明显肿胀,部分融合,部分内皮窗孔消失,滤过屏障结构破坏.肾脏间质水肿,有炎细胞浸润;扫描电镜下观察,足突融合成片、变宽.3H组在透射电镜下观察,肾小球和肾小管基底膜明显增厚,分别为(1.88±0.41)μm,(0.96±0.22)μm,P＜0.01,足突明显肿胀,大部分融合,部分内皮窗孔消失,滤过屏障结构破坏严重.间质有炎细胞浸润,肾小管上皮细胞有大量脂滴沉积,肾间质可见浆细胞,部分区域髓样变性;扫描电镜下观察,肾小管刷状缘不整齐,微绒毛倒伏,管腔皱缩,局部细胞变性脱落,管壁空洞,足突大部分融合成片.结果表明高糖高脂和高糖高脂高盐膳食诱发的IR大鼠在血糖正常阶段已存在超微结构的病理改变.     

瑞舒伐他汀对大鼠造影剂急性肾损伤的保护作用及机制

通过建立大鼠非离子低渗型造影剂急性肾损伤模型,探讨瑞舒伐他汀对大鼠非离子低渗型造影剂急性肾损伤的保护作用及机制。将36只健康成年SD大鼠随机分组:正常对照组(NS组);造影剂对照组(CM组);瑞舒伐他汀干预组(RV组)。RV组于注射造影剂前12 h按10 mg/kg瑞舒伐他汀混悬液灌胃,NS组、CM组灌胃等量生理盐水。CM组、RV组以10m L/kg剂量行大鼠尾静脉注射造影剂(优维显370,370 mg I/m L),NS组注射等量的生理盐水,分别在造影24 h和72 h后取材。使用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色法,观察肾小管的病理形态学变化。测定血清胱抑素C(Cys-C)、血清肌酐(Scr)、尿α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)、尿微量白蛋白(m ALB)、尿N-乙酰-B-D-葡萄糖酸苷酶(NAG)水平,以评估大鼠肾脏功能变化。测定血清超敏C反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)以及肾组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,以评估炎症和氧化应激反应。结果表明:1与CM组大鼠相比给予瑞舒伐他汀治疗能明显减轻大鼠肾脏损伤程度;2 CM组和RV组大鼠血Scr、血Cys-C、尿NAG、尿α1-MG、尿m ALB均较NS组显著升高,给予瑞舒伐他汀治疗组大鼠与CM组大鼠相比,上述各项指标均显著下降(p0.05);组内比较,CM组大鼠上述各项指标72 h较24 h上升显著(p0.05),其余各组无明显差异(p0.05);3 CM组和RV组大鼠血清Hs-CRP水平均较NS组明显升高,RV组较CM组血清Hs-CRP降低显著(p0.01);组内血清Hs-CRP比较,CM组大鼠随时间升高明显(CM 24 h vs CM 72 h,p0.05),给予瑞舒伐他汀治疗组大鼠则明显下降(RV 24 h vs RV 72 h,p0.05);4CM组和RV组大鼠肾组织SOD活性均较NS组明显降低,RV组与CM组相比SOD活性显著升高(p0.01);组内比较,CM组大鼠肾组织SOD活性随时间降低明显(CM 24 h vs CM 72 h,p0.05),而RV组大鼠肾组织SOD活性随时间显著升高(RV 24 h vs RV 72 h,p0.05)。说明短期瑞舒伐他汀干预通过降低血浆细胞炎症因子水平、降低造影剂肾病大鼠肾脏氧化应激水平,减轻造影剂肾病大鼠肾脏的损伤程度,对造影剂肾病大鼠具有一定程度的保护作用。     

条斑星鲽肾脏的组织学观察

采取HE染色组织学对条斑星鲽肾脏组织进行研究,结果表明:条斑星鲽肾脏由体肾区和头肾区两个相连部分构成;体肾由肾小体、肾小管及拟淋巴组织组成;头肾由拟淋巴组织区和内分泌区构成,组织内无肾小体及肾小管,头肾淋巴组织区主要由网状细胞、淋巴细胞、血细胞构成;内分泌区域有肾间组织及甲状腺组成,肾间组织由很多结缔组织包围的小叶状结构构成,多个肾间细胞聚集成一个小叶状细胞团;甲状腺椭圆形,由很多甲状腺滤泡及滤泡上皮构成.说明体肾是具备排泄和免疫两种功能,而头肾在免疫、造血及内分泌方面发挥重要作用,总体来说,肾脏是一个具备多种功能的混合体.     

补肾益气类中药对男性田径运动员血清睾酮和皮质醇的影响

目的:探讨补肾益气类中药在对田径运动员运动能力的重要作用.方法:用试验法获得血清睾酮、血清皮质醇和血清睾酮与皮质醇比值3个生化指标的数据,用SPSS l3.0统计学软件对所得数据进行T检验和描述性统计.结果:(1)服药组在训练的第1周的血清睾酮虽略有下降,但在第2周和第4周就有回升,并且稳定到了试验前水平;(2)服药组...     

多通道微创经皮肾镜取石术后并发症的护理

总结69例多通道微创经皮肾镜取石术后及术后并发症的护理经验.探讨了微创经皮肾镜下治疗肾结石术后护理.结果显示,63例行1次PCNL,6例行2次PCNL,1例行2次PCNL后仍有残留结石,经体外冲击波碎石后全部清除结石.术后发生并发症6例,其中出血1例、尿外渗2例、感染性休克1例、双J管移位或脱落2例.通过引流、抗感染、...     

Renal vascular reactivity to ATP in hyper- and hypothyroid rats

The effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on the renal vasculature of isolated kidneys from control, hyper- and hypothyroid rats were characterized. ATP responsiveness was evaluated in basal tone and in raised tone (phenylephrine 10^–6 M) preparations. These responses were compared with those obtained with barium chloride or sodium nitroprusside (SNP), used respectively as nonreceptor agonists for vasoconstriction or vasodilation. In preparations at basal tone, ATP produced dose-related vasoconstriction, which was increased in hyperthyroid kidneys, and was severely attenuated in kidneys from hypothyroid rats. In raised tone preparations from control rats ATP produced a dual response: vasoconstriction at low doses, which declined with increasing doses to give way to vasodilator responses; biphasic responses were found in some kidneys. Hyperthroid kidneys showed increased pressor responses and a vasodilator response similar to those seen in kidneys from control rats. However, in hypothyroid kidneys the vasodilator response was abolished. The responses to barium chloride and to SNP were significantly increased and decreased in hyper- and hypothyroid kidneys, respectively; vasoconstrictor responses to SNP were also found in hypothyroid kidneys. Hence the abnormal responses to ATP observed in both thyroid dysfunctions may be partially explained by unspecific alterations in the contractile machinery of the renal vasculature in these kidneys. However, ATP responsiveness (vasoconstriction at low tone and vasodilation at raised tone) was more severely affected in hypothyroid kidneys, suggesting that purinergic (P_2X and P_2Y) receptor activity may be decreased in these organs.     

Induction of the synthesis of thymidine kinase by aldosterone in the kidney of the immature male rat

Summary Thymidine kinase activity was studied in kidneys from immature male rats after administration of aldosterone. Kinetic studies showed that the enzyme activity reached its maximum level 24 h after aldosterone injection. That increase was specific for aldosterone and could be related to the synthesis of new molecules of enzyme.     

Control of the cardiovascular system ofAplysia by identified neurons

The neural network that controls the cardiovascular system ofAplysia adapts cardiovascular function to a variety of different physiological and behavioral situations. It (1) coordinates the cardiovascular system with the renal and respiratory systems; (2) modifies both systemic and regional blood flow during food-elicited arousal and feeding; and (3) changes the tension of longitudinal vascular muscle to adapt the arterial tree to changes in body shape. Indirect evidence suggests that the cardiovascular control circuit may also play a role in maintaining homeostasis during egg laying. Several putative neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, serotonin, R151 and R152 peptides, have been localized to identified neurons in this circuit.     

Calmodulin-associated post-translational regulation of rat organic cation transporter 2 in the kidney is gender dependent

In this work, regulation of organic cation transporter type 2 from rat (rOCT2) stably transfected in HEK293 cells was investigated by microfluorimetry with 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium as substrate. The transport mediated by rOCT2 was specifically stimulated by PKA, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, p56^lck tyrosine kinase, mitogen-extracellular-signal-regulated-kinase-1/2, calmodulin (CaM), and CaM-kinase-II. The regulatory pattern of rOCT2 differs markedly quantitatively and qualitatively from that of other OCT isoforms. Only CaM-dependent upregulation is conserved throughout the OCT family. For this reason, CaM regulation of rOCT2 was also investigated in isolated S3-segments (known to express only rOCT2) of male and female rat proximal tubules. Inhibition of CaM by calmidazolium significantly decreased rOCT2 activity (−49.0 ± 13.6%, n = 4) in male but not female (9.0 ± 13.0%, n = 4) rats. Real-time PCR and Western blot investigations of CaM expression in rat kidneys showed that male animals have significantly higher CaM expression. This is the first study describing post-translational gender-dependent rOCT2 regulation. Received 26 February 2009; accepted 16 March 2009     

采用WD倒谱法分析人体肾组织的超声散射微结构特征

提出了一种对超声散射信号分析的新方法———WD倒谱法 .利用该方法对人体正常肾和肾肿瘤组织的回波信号进行分析 ,与用AR倒谱法所得结果进行了比较 .结果表明 ,两种肾组织散射子的平均间距明显不同 ,WD倒谱比AR倒谱更能反映软组织的微观结构特征 ,说明WD倒谱是软组织超声散射信号分析与软组织散射子平均间距定征的一种有效方法