胎盘绒毛细胞的培养及其基因组DNA的分离纯化

从采集到的微量胎盘绒毛，经过组织细胞培养，获得了大量的绒毛细胞，对其进行了基因组ＤＮＡ的分离纯化，提取到足够量的ＤＮＡ。经过０．８％琼脂糖凝胶电泳，结果显示出完整的绒毛细胞ＤＮＡ带，得到了典型的大分子ＤＮＡ电泳图谱。     

Permeation of vanadium（Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ）-dipicolinate complexes across MDCK cell monolayer and comparison with Caco-2 cells

The permeation and eytotoxicity of three insulin-mimetic vanadium（Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ）-dipicolinate complexes were studied using the MDCK cell monolayer in comparison with the Caeo-2 cells. On MDCK cell monolayer, the apparent permeation coefficients （Papp） were estimated to be （7.5±1.0）×10^-6, （1.0±0.2）×10^-6, （1.7±0.4）× 10^-6cm/s for V（Ⅴ）, V（Ⅵ）, and V（Ⅲ）-dipie complexes, respectively. The permeability of V（Ⅴ）-dipie complexes is much better than the others, which is in agreement with its better hypoglycemie effect in animal tests. On Caeo-2 cell monolayer, Papp were found to be in the range of 1-3×10^-6 ends and not to be affected by excessive amounts of dipieolinate ligand. By contrast, the permeability in the AP→BL direction across the MDCK monolayer increased greatly in the presence of free ligands, suggesting existence of active transport mechanism of vanadium complex anions on the MDCK cells. The eytotoxieity of the three complexes was found similar and the IC50 were measured in the range of 0.6-0.9 mmol/L for MDCK cells and 1.6--2 mmol/L for Caco-2 cells. The cytotoxicity of three vanadium complexes was conceivably in consistence with their permeability, suggesting that the toxicity, permeation and cellular metabolism of vanadium complexes are closely related.     

野外放归大熊猫和圈养大熊猫肠道正常菌群的研究

对四川卧龙中国保护大熊猫研究中心1只放归亚成体大熊猫和3只圈养亚成体大熊猫肠道正常菌群的种类、数量和分布情况进行了比较研究，结果鉴定出17种细菌，发现放归大熊猫和圈养大熊猫肠道优势菌群均为肠杆菌、肠球菌和乳杆菌，与圈养大熊猫相比，大熊猫放归野外后，肠道菌群中的肠球菌增多，肠杆菌和乳杆菌的数量有所下降，芽孢杆菌和酵母菌的检出率增大。     

木聚糖酶对鲫鱼生长性能和小肠绒毛的影响

采用单因子浓度梯度法,在以小麦为主的基础饲料中分别添加0.05%、0.10%和0.15%的木聚糖酶,以基础饲料为对照组,每组设4个重复,饲喂鲫鱼74d,测定鲫鱼的生长性能,观察肠道形态。结果表明:(1)0.05%组鲫鱼的增重率比对照组提高24.2%(P<0.01),0.10%组和0.15%组的增重率比对照组提高17.0%和15.7%(P<0.05);投饲系数分别较对照组降低19.2%、14.4%、13.6%(P<0.05)(。2)0.05%、0.10%和0.15%组的干物质表观消化率分别比对照组提高13.19%、9.33%和8.93%(P<0.01);蛋白质表观消化率分别比对照组提高9.98%、9.19%和8.82%(P<0.01);总糖表观消化率分别比对照组提高29.88%、26.67%和24.94%(P<0.01);(3)饲料添加木聚糖酶能促进小肠绒毛的发育。其中0.05%、0.10%和0.15%组前肠绒毛的高度分别较对照组提高了54.07%、34.96%和18.07(%P<0.01);0.05%组前肠绒毛的宽度较对照组提高了23.46%(P<0.01)。0.05%和0.10%组中肠绒毛的高度分别较对照组提高了6.60%(P<0.01)和3.96%(P<0.05)。0.05%和0.10%组中肠绒毛的宽度分别较对照组提高了10.95%和9.49%(P<0.01)。扫描电镜观察鲫鱼肠绒毛的超微结构,0.05%组前肠绒毛发育最好,绒毛排列整齐,微绒毛簇状结构致密,且很少黏附食糜颗粒。     

Development and differentiation of the intestinal epithelium

The gastrointestinal tract develops from a simple tube to a complex organ with patterns of differentiation along four axes of asymmetry. The organ is composed of all three germ layers signaling to each other during development to form the adult structure. The gut epithelium is a constitutively developing tissue, constantly differentiating from a stem cell in a progenitor pool throughout the life of the organism. Signals from the adjacent mesoderm and between epithelial cells are required for normal orderly development/differentiation, homeostasis, and apoptosis. Embryonically important patterning factors are used during adult stages for these processes. Such critical pathways as the hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein, Notch, Sox, and Wnt systems are used both in embryologic and adult times of gut development. We focus on and review the roles of these factors in gut epithelial cell development and differentiation.Received 18 October 2002; received after revision 18 December 2002; accepted 18 December 2002     

烟碱和吗啡对豚鼠小肠电与张力的影响

以小肠电和环肌张力、纵肌张力为指标,用同步记录的方法研究了烟碱和吗啡对豚鼠离体小肠电活动和张力活动的影响,结果发现：烟碱对小肠电和张力活动的影响与乙酰胆碱相类似,即具有明显的兴奋作用,而吗啡的影响则相反,即对小肠电与张力均具明显的抑制作用,但此抑制作用随着时间的延长逐渐减弱甚至出现兴奋作用。     

Tissue-specific induction of intestinal glutathione S-transferases by αβ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds

Summary Glutathione S-transferase activity in rat intestinal mucosa was increased by the injection of -unsaturated carbonyl compounds such as phorone and diethylmaleate, but that in the liver and kidney was not. Since the administration of cycloheximide completely blocked the increase of the enzyme activity by phorone, the increase of the activity may be due to de novo synthesis rather than enzyme activation.     

黄芪对肠缺血再灌损伤时肠外器官的保护作用

为了观察黄芪对肠缺血再灌注引起肠外多器官损伤的保护作用，用无创伤动脉夹夹闭大鼠肠系膜上动脉60min后松夹再灌注，建立肠缺血再灌注损伤模型，于再灌注前30min股静脉注射黄芪（AM）。试验用大鼠126只，体重200－260g，雌雄各半，随机分为假手术对照组（Con)、肠缺血再灌注手术组（I／R）、生理盐水（NS）处理组、黄芪（AM）处理组和血清TNF测定组。血清中的谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、尿素（Urea)、肌酐（Cr)、尿酸（UA）含量作为肝、肾功能测定指标。结果I／R组大鼠肝、肾功能的生化指标升高，与Con组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．01）；I／R组大鼠肝、肺、肾组织中的丙二醛（MDA）含量比Con组显著升高（P＜0．01），超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性比Con组显著降低（P＜0．01），外周血肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）浓度随着灌注时间延长而增加。AM可缓解肠I／R对器官的损伤，减少MDA的生成，增强SOD的清除能力，抑制TNF生成。提示AM对肠I／R引起的多器官损伤有保护作用。     

健脾补肾活血泄浊法对慢性肾衰患者肠道屏障功能的影响

目的观察肾康合剂联合中药灌肠液治疗慢性肾衰的临床疗效,评价健脾补肾活血泄浊法对慢性肾衰患者肠道屏障功能的影响,初步探讨其延缓慢性肾衰的机制。方法 60例中医辩证属于脾肾气虚,湿瘀内阻型的慢性肾衰患者分为治疗组与对照组,每组各30例。对照组采用基础治疗,治疗组在常规基础治疗的基础上加用肾康合剂口服及中药灌肠液灌肠,观察治疗组和对照组治疗前后血肌酐、尿素氮、内毒素、D-乳酸、硫酸吲哚酚等指标的前后变化。结果治疗组及对照组在相应治疗后血肌酐及尿素氮值均有下降,但治疗组改善更为明显。在肠道屏障功能改变方面,结果显示内毒素、D-乳酸、硫酸吲哚酚均明显下降,与治疗前比较有统计学差异(P0.05),与对照组比较也有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论肾康合剂联合中药灌肠治疗可以在一定程度上减少机体肠源性毒素的产生,恢复肠道屏障功能,改善临床症状,稳定肾脏功能。     

Mammalian toll-like receptors: from endogenous ligands to tissue regeneration

Following injury a complex but well-orchestrated cellular response stimulating wound healing and tissue regeneration is induced. The balance of different cytokines, growth factors and cells is important in regulating tissue reorganisation. The immune system is critically involved in this process. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential to the innate immune system, recognising microbial pathogens. The recent identification of endogenous ligands of TLRs suggests that they function not only to induce defensive antimicrobial immune responses but also as a sensitive detection system to initiate tissue regeneration after injury. Here we present an overview of TLRs and their endogenous ligands, and also review the roles of TLRs in inducing tissue regeneration after injury and in maintaining homeostasis. The identification of endogenous TLR ligands and their involvement in inducing tissue regeneration will provide new options to improve tissue reorganization after injury. Received 26 April 2006; received after revision 16 June 2006; accepted 24 August 2006