一氧化氮对肠炎症的防护效应

阐明一氧化氮 (NO)对肠炎症的防护效应 ,主要内容为 :1 )急性肠炎症时内源性NO的变化 ,2 )炎症过程中NO所起的作用 ,3 )NO合成酶 (NOS)抑制或破坏对急性肠炎症的影响 ,4)NO抗肠炎症的细胞机制。这些内容将为设计胃肠道抗炎药物开辟新的思路。     

侧耳菌产生木质纤维素酶及其降解植物生物质的研究

对在液体培养基中产生木质纤维素降解酶能力强且产酶速度较快的侧耳 sp 2 (Pleurotussp 2 )进行了最佳产酶液体培养基组分的研究 ,并对其在液体培养基、固体培养基中产生木质纤维素降解酶能力和行为进行了分析 .结果表明 ,该菌株在低氮高碳高无机盐培养基中的锰过氧化物酶、木质素过氧化物酶、漆酶和半纤维素酶等 4种酶的活性最高 .其中 ,锰过氧化物酶的活性峰值出现时间仅为 6 d,比其他 3种酶活性峰值期早 6 d. Pleurotus sp 2是目前已知的在液体培养条件下产锰过氧化物酶较高的菌株之一 .当该菌株培养在含有低氮无碳高无机盐液体培养基的麦草粉中时 ,锰过氧化物酶和漆酶的活性峰值均出现在第 10天 ,而半纤维素酶的活性在 4 0 d时达到峰值 .此外 ,该菌株使麦草生物质失重可达 17.6 % ,可望能成为生物制浆中原料预处理的候选菌株     

Carbohydrase and esterase activity in the gut of larvalCallosobruchus maculatus

Summary Carbohydrase activity has been demonstrated in homogenates of the alimentary tracts of late instar larvae ofC. maculatus:-D galactosidase, -D glucosidase and N-acetyl-D glucosaminidase activities were comparable and significantly greater than -D galactosidase,-D glucosidase and -D mannosidase. The effects of pH and substrate concentration are reported. The presence and changes in pattern of non-specific esterase activity in larval and adult gut homogenates is also described.     

Peptide-stimulated release of prolactin from the fowl anterior pituitary gland

Summary Anterior pituitary glands from broiler fowl were preincubated for 24 h in either medium 199 only or medium containing estradiol 17, following which they were incubated in medium containing thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) or substance P (SP), alone or with the dopamine agonist, apomorphine. Estradiol priming stimulated release of prolactin and enhanced apomorphine-inhibition of prolactin release. TRH stimulated prolactin release, an effect reversed by apomorphine, and priming with estradiol potentiated both effects. VIP stimulated prolactin to a lesser degree and again this was inhibited by apomorphine and potentiated by estradiol. SP had little effect on the nonsteroid-primed pituitary, but stimulated release of prolactin after estradiol treatment, though less effectively than TRH or VIP.     

Amylin given by central or peripheral routes decreases gastric emptying and intestinal transit in the rat

The effect of rat amylin on gastric emptying and intestinal transit in the rat was examined. Amylin administered intracerebroventricularly (1, 2, 2.5 or 4 g/rat) produced the maximal decrease in gastric emptying and intestinal transit at the dose of 2.5 g/rat. Higher doses produced a lower effect. Peripheral administration (25, 50 or 100 g/kg) produced dose-dependent effects. Pre-treatment with neostigmine blocked the effect of amylin when it was centrally injected, while the effect of amylin given peripherally was partially reduced. Pre-treatment with domperidone decreased the inhibitory effect of peripherally injected amylin, but no effect was observed when the peptide was centrally injected.     

苦荞饮食对自发性高血压大鼠肠道菌群的影响

[目的]研究苦荞饮食对自发性高血压大鼠肠道菌群的影响。[方法]将10只自发性高血压大鼠(Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats,SHR)随机分成常规饮食对照组和苦荞饮食组,对照SHR(SHR-C)正常饮食,苦荞饮食组SHR(SHR-TBW)全荞麦饮食,第3、6和12周无菌收集SHR粪便样本,16S rDNA V3-V4区扩增,Hiseq高通量测序后进行比对和分类。[结果]SHR-C和SHR-TBW大鼠肠道菌群结构及组成多样性有显著性的差异。随时间厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门(Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes,F/B)值从0.22增加到1.89;未知不可分类的菌群从16.52%增加到50.65%;Allobaculum、丁酸弧菌属、毛螺菌属和变形菌菌属是SHR-TBW饮食的优势菌群。[结论]苦荞饮食能重构高血压肠道菌群,饮食干预可有效改善血压。     

通腑泄浊法对CKD模型大鼠肾功能及肠道屏障功能的影响

目的探讨通腑泄浊法对慢性肾脏病(CKD)模型大鼠肠道屏障功能的影响,初步探讨其延缓CKD进展的机理。方法应用5/6肾切除法构建CKD大鼠模型,SD雄性大鼠120只随机分为空白组,模型组,通腑泄浊组(高、中、低剂量),药用炭组,每组20只,从模型建立后开始灌肠,疗程4周,第4周末检测血清肌酐,血硫酸吲哚酚水平,观察肾组织病理结构变化。结果 CKD模型组大鼠肾组织可见肾小管上皮细胞变性、间质炎性细胞浸润、纤维组织增生等病理变化,通腑泄浊组与CKD模型组大鼠相比较均有不同程度的改善,其中以通腑泄浊高剂量组改善最为明显。通腑泄浊各剂量组和药用炭组血内毒素、D-乳酸含量明显下降(P0.05),且高剂量组比药用炭组下降更为明显(P0.05)。结论通腑泄浊法具有一定的保护肾脏和抗肾间质纤维化的作用,降低大鼠血内毒素、D-乳酸含量,保护肠粘膜屏障功能可能是其机制之一。     

模拟失重对大鼠肝脏CYP1A2的影响研究

为揭示失重条件下药物代谢酶变化规律,考察了不同模拟失重周期对鼠肝代谢酶CYP1A2的影响.将大鼠尾悬吊3,7,14,21 d模拟失重效应,分别采用Western-blot、Q-PCR及HPLC-UV检测鼠肝微粒体中CYP1A2的蛋白表达、mRNA表达及活性变化.与对照组相比,模拟失重3 d大鼠肝脏CYP1A2的蛋白表达量显著下降（p<0.05）,7,14 d显著上升（p<0.05）,21 d略有下降（p>0.05）.在大鼠肝脏CYP1A2 mRNA量及活性方面,模拟失重3,7,14 d均显著上升（p<0.05）,21 d上升不明显（p>0.05）.实验结果表明模拟失重14 d鼠肝中的CYP1A2蛋白、基因表达及活性显著上升,但21 d各指标有恢复到正常组的趋势.      

外电场影响酶活性机制初探

用电子－构象相互作用理论研究了外电场影响酶活性的分子机理，并讨论了相关的问题，结构表明强外场有利于激发酶的活性。     

结肠癌并梗阻的诊治

本文就1978～1988年间收治40例结肠癌并梗阻患者的诊断与治疗进行探讨。在诊断方面,本文分析了结肠癌梗阻的临床特点,提出钡灌肠造影检查是确诊结肠癌梗阻的主要措施。本文认为对结肠癌所致梗阻均应尽量施行Ⅰ期切除肿瘤,根据全身和局部条件决定Ⅰ期吻合或造瘘。本组40例,Ⅰ期切除25例,无手术死亡,Ⅰ期吻合21例,无吻合口瘘并发症,取得了满意的效果。本文还对结肠癌梗阻穿孔的治疗作了讨论。