创制绿色化学农药的研究进展

结合本课题组近年来的研究工作，简要介绍了以乙酰乳酸合成酶为靶标合理设计开发新型超高效除草剂以及植物抗毒素的结构修饰与构效关系研究等方面的工作进展情况，并对该领域的发展前景及存在的问题进行了展望。     

基于分子对接研究吲哚咔唑类小分子对Tie-2/VEGFR2的双效抑制作用模式*

 运用分子对接技术研究了吲哚咔唑类小分子对人血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGFR2)和人血管生成素受体Tie-2(ANG-R-Tie-2)的双效抑制作用模式。研究结果表明,吲哚咔唑类小分子的双效抑制作用主要源于两种受体相似的活性口袋,小分子与两者的铰链区均可形成氢键,使其催化活性受到抑制,从而抑制肿瘤细胞的生长。抑制活性的差异主要源于活性口袋的细微差异所导致疏水、静电等相互作用的不同。其中,疏水作用的差异是影响配体选择性的主要原因,静电作用、氢键及空间位阻对结合稳定也有一定影响。该文的研究结果为多靶点酪氨酸激酶小分子抑制剂的设计及提高激酶抑制剂的选择性提供了重要的理论依据。     

1,5-二芳基吡唑类环氧合酶-1选择性抑制剂的CoMFA研究

 目的:应用比较分子力场法(CoMFA)研究一系列1,5-二芳基吡唑类对环氧合酶-1选择性抑制剂三维定量构效关系,为进一步药物设计提供理论依据.方法和结果:在研究的14个化合物中,用比较分子力场法得到1个CoMFA模型,交叉验证系数q²为0.818,具有较高的预测能力及合理性,非交叉验证模型相关系数r²为0.958,标准偏差为0.077,F为79.834;并依据模型设计,预测了几个具有较高活性的化合物.结论:此模型对设计和预测高活性的1,5-二芳基吡唑类环氧合酶-1选择性抑制剂有一定可靠性.     

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cardiovascular diseases: a platelet connection

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a heterogeneous group of new antidepressants that cause a well documented acquired but reversible serotonin deficiency in blood platelets. Platelets are small, anucleate cells and are the only blood cells specialized in storing peripheral serotonin. Platelets are also an integral part of the hemostatic process that is initiated during pathologic thrombus formation in cardiovascular diseases. Serotonin release from platelets is important for functional hemostasis as indicated by congenital diseases with serotonin-deficient platelets that can lead to life-threatening bleeding problems. The postulate that SSRIs should have an impact on cardiovascular diseases is therefore well founded. Cardiovascular effects of SSRIs have indeed been shown in a number of studies investigating the effect of SSRIs in patients with psychosomatic comorbidity. SSRIs reduce the incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) in patients suffering from post-MI depression. In addition, SSRIs inhibit tight clot formation of platelets in vitro, which points to a direct anti-thrombotic or pro-fibrinolytic effect of SSRIs.Received 16 June 2004; received after revision 9 September 2004; accepted 23 September 2004     

Cerivastatin: a cellular and molecular drug for the future?

The 'statin story' began in 1987 when the first-generation, fungal HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor lovastatin received FDA approval in the USA. Ten years later, the sixth compound of this class came onto the world market - the fully synthetic statin cerivastatin. A number of clinical studies had confirmed its high pharmacological efficacy, its excellent pharmacokinetic properties with fast and nearly complete absorption after oral uptake, a linear kinetic over a broad concentration range, and its favorable safety profile. The greatest advantages, of cerivastatin, however, are its lipophilicity, its high bioavailability of about 60% after oral application and its potency at 100-fold lower doses compared to other lipophilic statins. Nevertheless, the most exciting findings are certainly its non-lipid-related, pleiotropic effects at the cellular and molecular level. Statin therapy was also found to reduce mortality in cases where cholesterol levels or atherosclerotic plaque formation remained unaltered. However, cerivastatin improves endothelial dysfunction, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antiproliferative, plaque-stabilizing, immunmodulatory, and angiogenic effects, and may even prevent tumor growth, Alzheimer's disease, and osteoporosis. Most of these effects seem to be based on the inhibition of isoprenoid synthesis. Although cerivastatin is no longer on the market because of some problematic side effects, it could be one of the most potent cellular and molecular drugs for the future. Received 29 May 2002; received after revision 23 August 2002; accepted 26 August 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author.     

The pharmacology of Parkinson's disease: Basic aspects and recent advances

Summary Basic aspects and recent advances in the understanding of the pharmacological mechanism of action of the clinically most used antiparkinson drugs are reviewed. Recent human and animal biochemical investigations clearly confirm and extend previous findings indicating that benserazide is much more potent than carbidopa as peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor. L-DOPA in combination with benserazide or carbidopa constitutes the best available therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). To reduce peaks and rapid fluctuations of L-DOPA plasma levels (possibly responsible for peak-dose dyskinesias and end-of-dose deterioration) a slow-release formulation of L-DOPA in combination with benserazide or with benserazide plus catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors should be developed. In parkinsonian patients under long-term L-DOPA therapy monoamine oxidase inhibitors type B (MAO-B) e.g. (–)-deprenyl and firect dopamine receptor agonists (bromocriptine, lisuride, pergolide etc.), due to their L-DOPA-sparing effects, alleviate in some cases L-DOPA-induced side-effects e.g. dyskinesias and on-off phenomena. However, since (–)-deprenylm, due to its metabolism to (–)methamphetamine and (–)amphetamine, seem to have indirect sympathomimetic activity, new selective MAO-B inhibitors devoid of indirect sympathomimetic effects should be tested clinically to assess the functional role of pure MAO-B inhibition in the therapy of PD. The auxiliary therapy with direct dopmaine receptor agonists of the D-2 subtype represents another valid approach which should be further investigated in order to find novel dopamine agonists, less expensive than bromocriptine and strictly selective for D-2 receptor sites.     

Chemotactic and random movement of cord-blood granulocytes

Summary Chemotactic responsiveness and random movement of cord-blood granulocytes were studied with a modified Boyden's method. Cord-blood granulocytes were less active chemotactically than granulocytes from healthy children and adults, whereas the random filter movement of the cells from all three sources was about the same. In cord sera, concentrations of cell directed chemotaxis inhibitors were equal to those in sera from other age groups. Compared with the situation in healthy children and adults, the generation of chemotactic factors in cord-blood sera was impaired. This impairment was not related to an increased activity of chemotactic factor inactivators. Measurement of the cyclic nucleotide levels in granulocytes from cord-blood and from children belonging to various age groups revealed that the cord granulocytes have significantly lower concentrations of cAMP and cGMP, which could have been responsible for the decreased chemotactic responsiveness.     

QDTA/T/EGA/GC在线联同技术 Ⅴ.二烷基二硫代磷酸锌抗氧剂的热氧化分解机理的研究

采用文题和DTA与GC/MS不在线联同技术,对由正丁醇/异辛醇(1:1)合成的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌,研究了其热氧化机理。其热分解产物为:H_2S、COS、SO_2、n-C_4~-/i-C_4~-、i-C_8~-、C_4H_9SH、C_4H_9SC_4H_9、C_4H_9SSC_4H_9、C_4H_9SC_8H_(17)和C_4H_9 SSC_8 H_(17)等。分解分为三个阶段:①220—240℃为氧化诱导期,发生分子内异构化反应,在DTA曲线上出现一个显著的放热峰;②250—280℃,以热解为主反应的吸热过程;③280—300℃,以热解产物——硫醇进行热氧化分解为主反应的放热过程。反应机理为:由分子内异构化反应和β-氢原子内消除反应形成的热分解中间产物,经离子反应、自由基反应生成了组成复杂的各类最终产物。