耐寒动物纤维的形态结构及表征

气候的寒冷和对轻质服装的需求,使得越来越多的研究集中于绝热织物.目前除了传统的羊毛和山羊绒外,其他一些珍稀动物毛发引起研究者们的兴趣,因为毛发是这些耐寒动物赖以生存的重要因素.采用光学显微镜与扫描电子显微镜研究了海狮、白唇鹿、牦牛和北极熊等4种耐寒动物的纤雏形态结构.观察毛发的鳞片形状、厚度、密度、类型、边缘性状、截面、髓腔等特征.分析其异同特征,为仿生开发新型功能纤维提供实验基础和科学指导.     

Scanning electron microscopy of Echinostoma trivolvis and E. caproni (Trematoda) adults from experimental infections in the Golden Hamster

Scanning electron microscopy was used to compare the topography of Echinostoma trivolvis and E. caproni adults grown in golden hamsters for 15 days. The oral sucker of E. caproni was well-defined whereas that of E. trivolvis was not. Collar spines of E. trivolvis were contoured whereas those of E. caproni were smooth. The tegumentary spines of E. trivolvis were scale-like whereas those in E. caproni were thorn-like. The acetabular lip of E. trivolvis bore abundant papillae but relatively few spines; this situation was reversed on the acetabulum of E. caproni. A folded protuberance of unknown function was located just posterior to the genital pore in E. trivolvis; this structure was absent in E. caproni.     

量子围栏的电子结构

用扫描隧道显微镜在量子围栏中发现一系列分立的状态度峰；用二维有限环形方势垒模解释了这些量子态的谱峰结构，模拟结果和实验观测的峰值能量符合的很好。     

Self-cleaning property of AZ31 Mg alloy during plasma electrolytic oxidation process

The rolling of metal sheet often leads to strong contamination of the resulting surface. The present work reports the effects of the surface contamination remaining after rolling of AZ31 Mg alloy on plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) treatment of the resulting sheet material. Results indicate that most of the contaminants on the surface of as-rolled AZ31 Mg alloy are removed in the early stages of PEO process. The contaminations slightly influence the phase composition of PEO coating. Non-uniform distribution of contaminations results in aggregation of pores on the surface of PEO samples. On the bare substrate the contaminations are responsible for poor wear and corrosion resistance but final PEO coatings reveals similar performance on contaminated substrate compared to the abraded one. A self-cleaning property of the PEO and possibility of one step process,avoiding pre-cleaning stages, is suggested.     

用电子显微镜寻找固态材料和蜡烛火焰中的未知小颗粒

电子显微学的优势之一在于直观地观察固体样品的局域结构，至今对许多固态材料的形成机理不甚了解，这是由于对它们在形成过程中的微结构变化所知甚少．在固态材料中常常会存在一些不为人知的、少量的、x光衍射和其他实验手段很难检测到的特殊的微小颗粒，而它们又往往是打开结构形成机理奥秘之门的钥匙．最近的研究实例显示一些材料中的未知小颗粒以及它们在结构形成中起着重要作用．     

Identification of Megaselia scalaris (Loew, 1866) (Diptera: Phoridae) in mummified human body from Itacambira (MG), Brazil,using scanning electron microscopy and cuticular hydrocarbons

Insect puparia were found adhered to the ribs and other tissues in the abdominal cavity of a natural male mummy found in Itacambira (State of Minas Gerais, Brazil) dating to the Colonial Period. They were collected for identification by scanning electron microscopy, and for comparison of several morphological features with those described in the literature. The puparia were found open and dorsoventrally flattened, making it difficult to visualize the dorsal projections. The tegument is covered by tapered spines and contains rows of small tubercles on the dorsal and lateral regions of the puparium. The posterior spiracle consists of four parallel openings arranged in pairs. These results are indicative that the specimens belong to the species Megaselia scalaris (Loew, 1866) (Diptera: Phoridae). Additionally, cuticular hydrocarbons of the puparia were analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and compared with the profile of M. scalaris reared in the laboratory.     

用原子力显微镜和单层膜技术研究短杆菌肽D与卵磷脂混合物的界面性质(英文)

短杆菌肽是一种被广泛研究的细胞膜中的多肽．其与磷脂之间的相互作用以及其在磷脂单层膜中的构象还不十分清楚．研究发现短杆菌肽Ｄ在卵磷脂单层膜中有自发形成聚集体的趋势，而且聚集体的形状依赖于短杆菌肽Ｄ在膜中的浓度．当浓度特别低时，聚集体很大；随着浓度的增加，聚集体逐渐变高但面积逐渐变小．特别是当短杆菌肽Ｄ的摩尔百分率达到１０％时，聚集体几乎形成圆锥型     

切片技术在聚合物材料研究中的应用

将切片技术与透射电子显微镜（TEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、光学显微镜（LM）等快速发展的显微分析技术结合起来，可以研究聚合物材料的形貌结构、相容性和结晶，以及填料的分散及形貌结构等，有助于优化聚合物材料的制备工艺条件、配方和性能。进一步优化切片速度、温度等切片技术参数并加强与显微红外光谱等其他显微学表征手段的结合，将使切片技术在高分子材料的结构分析与性能优化中发挥更加重要的作用。     

白芷愈伤组织的电镜制样技术及超微结构观察

研究改进了白芷愈伤组织培养细胞的电镜制样技术，用透射电镜及扫描电镜进行了超微结构观察。     

Relationships between microstructures and properties of chinese ancient bronzes

The typical morphology of alloy lead (Pb) in ancient bronzes made in the Spring-Autumn Warring States Period (770 B.C. -221 B.C.), China, was examined by using electron microscopic techniques. We propose that the main purposes for adding metallic Pb in a large quantity into ancient bronzes, such as arrows and ritual vessel—Ding, were for increasing weight and economical reasons. In order to promote adding efficiency and improve casting quality for getting homogenously distributed Pb particles in the bronzes, a process through inserting Pb rod into the mold is supposed to be used during casting, which provided a process for preventing Pb sinkage. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations from the fracture surface of the bronzes revealed that the Pb particle possessed a “hollow-cored bubble” structure, which was formed due to absorbing casting gases during solidification and therefore indirectly eliminated the casting porosity and loosen.