闽江某河段河蚬组织中多环芳烃和有机氯农药的蓄积特征

用GC／MS和GC-μECD测定了闽江某河段河蚬体内多环芳烃（PAHs）和有机氯农药（OCPs）的含量，并分析了河蚬各器官组织中的蓄积特征．结果表明：河蚬体内鳃、肌肉以及内脏团中检测到的PAHs的总量分别为1322．03，397．24，951．04ng／g干重，河蚬易累积低分子量的PAHs，主要是3环PAHS，鳃、肌肉和内脏团中检测到的3环芳烃的比率分别为62．23％，47．04％和36．96％；河蚬对OCPs的蓄积种类主要是DDT类和HCH类农药，OCPs在河蚬鳃、肌肉以及内脏团中的总含量相差不大，分别为19．73，25．46，23．06ng／g干重，河蚬肌肉和内脏团中OCPs的含量与整体中OCPs的含量相关性较好（R^2=0．98和R^2=0．98），肌肉中含量与整体有机氯的含量相关系数为R^2=0．19．     

Impact of dissolved humic acid on the bioavailability of acenaphthene and chrysene assessed by membrane-based passive samplers

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is known to reduce the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in aqueous environments. This reduction occurs as a result of adsorption to DOC, apparently reducing the freely dissolved concentration of HOCs. In the present study, triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane (TECAM) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were used to measure the uptake of acenaphthene and chrysene in the presence of commercial humic acid (HA) at different concentrations (0―15 mg C·L-1) under controlled laboratory conditions. Apparent uptake rate constants for PAHs in TECAM and medaka were compared and DOC-water partition coefficients (KDOCs) of two PAHs were calculated with different sampling methods by model fit. Results showed that HA present in water significantly reduced the uptake of PAHs in TECAM and medaka. The obtained values of log KDOC of acenaphthene and chrysene measured by TECAM were 4.63 and 5.83, respectively, whereas biologically determined values were 4.52 and 5.76, respectively. These log KDOC values were comparable to earlier published KDOCs toward commercial HA, thereby indicating that TECAM accumulated only the freely dissolved fraction of chemicals and uptake PAHs in a manner similar to that of fish. All these results suggested that the TECAM method can provide a good means for assessing the impact of DOC on bioavailability of PAHs in the aqueous environment.     

Application of C5-C13 light hydrocarbons in depositional envlrOnment diagnosis

Based on the geological background and Gammacerane/C31H(S+R)ratios,source rock depositional environments of the studied oil samples(194)from 13 oilfields were classified into three groups according to salinity:saline-lacustrine facies,fresh to brackish lacustrine facies(including linmetic facies),and semi-saline to saline facies(including marine facies of the Tarim Basin).C5-C13 compound groups in the crude oils were separated by GC,and about 286 compounds were qualitatively analyzed.The geochemical application of the C6-C13 compound groups and their ratios between each group with individual carbon number was investigated.Our studies show that(1)C6-C13 compound groups and their ratios in the crude oils could serve as new reliable parameters for oil-oil correlation because the C6-C13 light fractions are the major oil component,especially in light oil or condensate,in which they account for almost 90%of the whole oil;(2)the compound groups of C7 light hydrocarbons in oils derived from different depositional environments with different salinity have different characteristics;(3)C6-C13 compound groups and ratios may be affected by other factors such as maturity,but they are mainly controlled by salinity of depositional waters.     

多环芳烃结构与命名及对称性分类——正规苯型稠环芳烃

系统研究了多环芳烃的结构与命名及其对称性分类，对正规苯型筒环芳烃的结构与命名进行了研究，提出了一种新的分界命名法，给出了产生正规苯型稠环芳烃的两个定理，并用微机获得了它们的结构生成，系统命名，结构计数和对称性分类，另外还研究了关于正规苯型稠环芳烃和其它相关分子极性的某些问题。     

超声辅助萃取-高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定贻贝中的多环芳烃

建立了超声波辅助萃取,高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定贻贝中6种多环芳烃化合物的多残留分析方法。对荧光检测条件、色谱分离条件、萃取方式、净化条件进行了优化。在优化条件下,6种多环芳烃化合物实现良好分离,在0．002～0．5mg／L范围内呈良好线性关系,线性相关系数为0．9985-0．9995,检出限为1．0-2．0μg／kg,回收率为78％-92％,相对标准偏差为2．8％～6．3％（n=6）。结果表明：建立的超声辅助萃取-高效液相色谱荧光检测法样品前处理简单,重现性好,回收率高,适合贻贝中多环芳烃的检测。     

第二松花江流域水体表层沉积物多环芳烃的污染特征与暴露风险评价

考察第二松花江表层沉积物中16种多环芳烃类化合物（PAHs）的质量比. 结果表明: 16种PAHs的总质量比为350.0～3 877.4 ng/g, 平均质量比为1 322.6 ng/g, 4～6环相对丰度为58.5%, 2～3环相对丰度为41.5%; PAHs在上游水区的质量比最高, 与长江河口相近; 除河源区外, 大部分水域沉积物中PAHs人为来源为化石燃料的燃
烧, 少部分为石油源; 除表层沉积物中芴和苊烯可能具有一定的暴露风险外, 其他PAHs存在的暴露风险较小, 即第二松花江沉积物PAHs总量远低于风险评估低值(ERL), 存在的暴露风险较小.     

基团电负性研究(Ⅹ Ⅳ)——基团电负性与某些碳氢化合物的标准生成热

通过分析基团电负性与ΔΔ_fH~0(RG/CH_3G)之间的关系,提出了一个计算碳氢化合物标准生成热的简单方法: Δ_fH~0(RG)=Δ_fH~0(CH_3G)+(1.18n~(1/2)-0.98)X_G-21.31n+19.90式中,Δ_f(RG)和Δ_fH~0(CH_3G)为烃(RG和CH_3G)的标准生成热;X_0为基团G的电负性;G=Me,i-Pr,t-Bu,CH=CH_2,CH=CHMe(E,Z),C≡CH和Ph;n为直链烷基R中的碳原子个数,34个可比较值的平均偏差为1.05kJ/mol。     

短叶决明石油醚部位的化学成分分析

通过硅胶柱层析从短叶决明(Cassia leschenaultiana DC.)药材的石油醚部位分离得到19个油状流分,采用气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用分析技术(GC-MS-DS)分别对它们的化学成分进行分析和鉴定。结果检出39个成分,确认了其中的28个成分。这些成分主要为脂肪烃成分,均为首次在该植物中分离鉴定。     

武汉市典型区域总悬浮颗粒物中多环芳烃源解析及其健康风险评估

选择武汉市经济技术开发区(1#)和江岸区后湖(2#)两个典型区域,分析了大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度特征,通过特征比值法进行了源解析,并以致癌、致突变等效浓度、终身致癌超额危险度和预期寿命损失三个不同层次的指标进行了健康风险评估。结果表明:两个监测点TSP中PAHs浓度均远高于环境质量标准,不同环数的PAHs分配比例均为5~6环4环2~3环;污染物源解析表明两个监测点的PAHs主要来源包括石油燃烧和机动车尾气排放,其中机动车排放偏重于柴油型。PAHs的健康风险评估结果表明两个监测点的PAHs总致癌等效浓度(TEQ)值和总致突变等效浓度(MEQ)值都较高,且PAHs终身致癌超额危险度均超出最大可接受范围,同时预期寿命损失成人高于儿童;进一步比较发现,1#监测点的Ba P平均浓度、TEQ、MEQ、终身致癌超额危险度以及预期寿命损失均高于2#监测点,且近几年武汉市大气颗粒物中PAHs污染水平呈上升趋势。     

处理含多环芳烃植物油的吸附剂筛选及其性能评价

为循环利用植物油淋洗修复多环芳烃污染土壤,应用吸附过程去除植物油中的多环芳烃.对10种吸附剂进行吸附柱和批处理筛选实验,评价了这些吸附剂的物理化学性质,从中筛选出最适合的吸附剂.动态吸附柱筛选实验表明,植物油中的多环芳烃在活性炭F400及F300上的吸附量最高,分别为55.39μg.g-1和23.82μg.g-1,说明吸附剂的粒径对吸附效果有重要影响,而多环芳烃在其他几种吸附剂上几乎没有吸附.批处理筛选实验表明,多环芳烃在两种活性炭上的吸附量仍然最多,分别为211.85μg.g-1和203.79μg.g-1.