低功率HIFU辐照离体牛肝后强回声出现的原因

目的 研究低功率高强度聚焦超声(High Intensity Focused Ultrasound,HIFU)辐照离体牛肝组织后即刻B超声像图中强回声出现的原因.方法 磁共振(Magnetic Resonance Imaging,MRI)引导的HIFU在50W声功率下分别辐照脱气后的离体牛肝组织10s,20 s,30 s…90 s(实际辐照时间),采用辐照10 s停1 s的方式.在辐照过程中,使用MRI的GRE_TMap序列采集HIFU焦域处的温度,并使用被动空化检测( Passive Cavitation Detection,PCD)系统采集来自焦域的声信号,在LabVIEW开发平台上编程对该信号进行快速傅里叶变换得到其频谱,以判断是否出现空化特征信号.辐照结束后,特离体牛肝组织切成1～2 mm厚的薄片,找到凝固性坏死的最大面,置于加热至37℃的TTC(2,3,5 -氯化三苯基四氮唑)染色剂中染色2min后取出照相.结果 HIFU以辐照10s停1s的方式辐照离体牛肝组织9次后B超声像图中出现强回声,焦域处的温度升高至89.46±2.48℃,PCD系统所采信号的频 谱中未见空化特征信号.切开并染色后的离体牛肝组织在第2次10s的辐照后就有凝固性坏死出现.结论 未达空化阈值的低功率HIFU照离体牛肝组织后即刻B超声像图中强回声出现的原因是焦域处产生的沸腾泡.     

Two-tiered hypotheses for Duchenne muscular dystrophy

New approaches to understanding and designing treatments for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) may emerge from two hypotheses outlined here. The proposal that growing skeletal muscle is more susceptible to necrosis than adult muscle raises the possibility that less intensive treatments may be sufficient to protect muscles during the adult phase. The second proposal is that a different balance of cell and molecular events contributes to acute necrosis (e.g. resulting from exercise) compared with chronic damage of dystrophic muscle. Validation of such differences presents the potential for more specific targeting of drugs or nutritional interventions to events downstream of the dystrophin deficiency. A deeper understanding of the events arising as an early consequence of dystrophin deficiency in these two situations may strengthen approaches to therapy for DMD designed to improve muscle function and the quality of life. Received 18 December 2007; received after revision 9 January 2008; accepted 25 February 2008     

斜带石斑鱼神经坏死病毒主衣壳蛋白的原核表达与纯化

将含有斜带石斑鱼Epinephelus coioides神经坏死病毒(orange-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus,OGNNV)主衣壳蛋白(major capsid protein, MCP)基因的重组表达质粒载体pET32a-MCP转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行融合表达,经SDS-PAGE分析和Western-blot鉴定,证实了重组大肠杆菌融合表达了斜带石斑鱼神经坏死病毒主衣壳蛋白.表达的融合蛋白主要以不可溶的包涵体形式存在,提取的包涵体中融合蛋白含量占60%以上,经柱层析纯化蛋白,纯化度达90%以上.     

人肝癌HepG2细胞异质性亚系的建立及生物学行为初探

目的：从人肝癌细胞株HepG2母系克隆分离异质性亚系，探讨肝癌异质性机理。方法：应用有限稀释法对培养人肝癌细胞株HepG2进行单细胞克隆分离异质性亚系，并应用细胞计数法、流式细胞仪检测其细胞周期和DNA含量，MTT法检测其对不同抗癌药物敏感性，同时应用裸鼠脾种植肝转移在体实验模型探讨其生物学行为的差异。结果：分离到HepG2—D3及HepG2—F4两个细胞亚系。HepG2—F4亚系细胞呈长梭形，体外增殖能力强，但脾脏内种植后不成瘤，不转移(0／10)；HepG2—D3亚系细胞呈多角形、多突起，脾脏内种植成瘤率高(10／10)，并在肝脏形成广泛转移(10／10)。结论：从人肝癌细胞株HepG2母系成功分离建立了两个异质性细胞亚系，两在形态学、增殖能力及其对不同抗癌药物敏感性、成瘤和转移能力方面均存在差异，该亚系可为进一步研究肝癌异质性尤其是转移的确切机制提供良好的素材。     

运动疗法对膝骨性关节炎患者关节滑液中细胞因子的影响

目的:观察运动疗法对膝骨性关节炎(KOA)患者关节滑液中细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)含量的影响,探讨其治疗骨性关节炎的作用机制。方法:选择KOA患者80例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各40例,治疗组患者口服双氯芬酸钠,同时进行运动疗法治疗,对照组患者口服双氯芬酸钠治疗,治疗4周。分别于治疗前后检测两组患者膝关节滑液中TNF-α、hs-CRP和MMP-3的含量。结果:治疗后,两组患者膝关节滑液中TNF-α、hs-CRP和MMP-3水平均较治疗前显著下降(P<0.01),治疗组患者膝关节滑液中TNF-α、hs-CRP和MMP-3含量均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:运动疗法能够降低KOA患者关节滑液中TNF-α、hs-CRP和MMP-3的水平,抑制炎症因子对关节软骨的破坏,从而延缓关节软骨退变的进程。     

壮骨片治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的实验研究

目的:研究中药制剂壮骨片治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的机理.方法:用狗和家兔为研究对象,将8只狗分为2组,一组为壮骨片高剂量组,另一组为壮骨片低剂量组.测定其股动脉血流量和血管阻力.将50只家兔分为5组,每组10只,即高剂量组,低剂量组、丹参壮骨组、空白对照组、正常对照组.于灌胃后分别测定其骨内压、血浆脂质过氧化物(LPO)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、股骨头光镜及电镜等.结果:壮骨片能增加股动脉血流量,降低血管阻力,降低股骨头内骨内压、降低氧自由基含量,减少股骨头内空缺骨陷窝的数目.结论:壮骨片能明显改善股骨头的血液供给,降低骨内压,改善微循环,修复骨坏死.     

Antibody to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) reduces endotoxin fever

Summary Antibody to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), injected intravenously, reduced endotoxin fever in the rabbit. The fever-reducing effect was apparent in the latter half of the febrile response.This work was supported by a Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan (Grant No. 62480112).     

Aloe emodin decreases the ERK-dependent anticancer activity of cisplatin

The present study describes the ability of an anthraquinone derivative aloe emodin (AE) to reduce the cytotoxic activity of the platinum(II)-based anticancer agent cisplatin toward murine L929 fibrosarcoma and C6 glioma cell lines. The protective effect of AE was demonstrated by MTT and crystal violet assays for cell viability, and involved supression of cisplatin-induced apoptosis and necrosis, as assessed by lactate dehydrogenase release and flow cytometric analysis of DNA fragmentation or phosphatidylserine exposure. Cell-based ELISA and Western blot analysis revealed that AE abolished cisplatin-triggered activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in tumor cells, while activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase was not significantly altered. A selective blockade of ERK activation with PD98059 mimicked the protective effect of AE treatment in both tumor cell lines. Moreover, AE failed to protect tumor cells against the ERK-independent toxicity of the Pt(IV)-based complex tetrachloro(O,O-dibutyl-ethylenediamine-N,N′-di-3-propanoate)platinum(IV). Taken together, these data indicate that herbal anthraquinone AE can downregulate the anticancer activity of cisplatin by blocking the activation of ERK in tumor cells.Received 30 January 2005; received after revision 21 March 2005; accepted 31 March 2005     

Changes in body temperature and circulating levels of interleukin-6 after intra-arterial injections or infusions of tumor necrosis factor α in guinea pigs

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is released systematically during the early phase of endotoxin induced fever. To study the effects of this cytokine in guinea pigs, 2 g TNF were intra-arterially injected as a bolus or slowly infused within 60 min. Both modes of administration induced a biphasic elevation of the animals' abdominal temperature lasting 6 h and stimulated the release of endogenous interleukin-6 (IL-6)-like activity. The second phase of the thermal response and the release of endogenous IL-6-like activity were significantly higher, when TNF was slowly infused into the animals' circulation, in spite of a transiently higher TNF-like activity after the bolus injection of TNF. Both TNF and IL-6 may therefore be regarded as candidates to trigger the febrile response in guinea pigs.     

用自身血清抗体筛选人肝细胞肝癌抗原

为了从分子水平上筛选肝细胞肝癌抗原，应用作者所在实验室创建的“重组克隆表达抗原的血清学鉴定技术”（ＳＥＲＥＸｓｅｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｉｎｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｎｔｉｇｅｎｓｂｙｒｅｃｏｍｂｉｎａｎｔｅｘｐｒｅｓｉｏｎｃｌｏｎｉｎｇ）筛选人肝细胞肝癌（ＨＣＣ）组织构建的ｃＤＮＡ文库，发现了许多与病人，自身血清高滴度抗体反应的克隆。应用多种异体（其他ＨＣＣ病人，多种非ＨＣＣ肿瘤病人，Ｂ型、Ｃ型病毒性肝炎病人，肝硬化病人以及健康人）血清反应分析表明，高滴度抗体反应多数出现在ＨＣＣ病人。参照基因库寻找这些克隆的同源结构，发现其中许多抗原为至今未知基因所编码。进一步的血清和抗原分子分析将为ＨＣＣ特异免疫治疗和诊断提供基础资料