[99mTcO2(-P-P-)2]+心肌放射性药物的构效关系研究

采用多元回归分析及Hansch方法对16种[^99mTcO2(－P－P－)2]^ 类心肌灌注显像剂配体取代基结构与心肌摄取率的关系进行了探索研究，得到了较为理想的心肌摄取率与配合物结构间的构效关系（QSAR）方程，为该类心肌灌注显像药物的设计提供了一定的理论指导依据。     

Cerebral ischemia revisited: New insights as revealed using in vitro brain slice preparations

Summary The elucidation of the pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral ischemia/hypoxia dictates the use of experimental models which mimic this disabling brain condition. In vivo experimental models have been available for many decades and are responsible for the bulk of, though incomplete, knowledge we have about these mechanisms. Since study in isolation of each postulated mechanism is impossible in vivo, the need for an in vitro experimental model has intensified in recent years. Consequently, rat and guinea pig hippocampal slice preparations have emerged as the models of choice. This review attempts to highlight some of the results obtained using brain slices in the study of cerebral ischemia/hypoxia and compare them to those obtained in vivo. Both the biochemical and the physiological correlates of energy metabolism, ion homeostasis, neurotransmission and neuromodulation of this brain condition are reviewed. The agreements, and especially the disagreements, between the in vivo and in vitro findings are emphasized. Details are given of the possible roles of both lactic acid, Ca²⁺ and excitotoxins in the neuronal damage inflicted by cerebral ischemia/hypoxia. Recent attempts to protect brain slices against experimental cerebral ischemic/hypoxic damage are also reviewed here briefly.     

Role of peripheral chemoreceptors in response to smoke-induced apnea vs tracheal occlusion

Summary Reflex autonomic changes which occur after cigarette smoke enters the upper airways are partially due to peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation. Chemoreceptor denervation attenuates but does not abolish smoke induced bradycardia. Denervation nearly abolishes bradycardia induced by tracheal occlusion. Hypertension accompanies smoke induced apnea but does not occur during tracheal occlusion.Acknowledgments. This study was supported by Oral Roberts University research funds.     

实现冠心病普查系统GISCAD的进化模型

一般说来,专家系统的开发是一个知识获取的过程。本文首先介绍了我们开发的一个冠心病普查系统,并讨论了知识获取和系统进化等问题,说明了用于开发冠心病普查系统的进化模型。     

Conduction of the impulse in the ischemic myocardium — implications for malignant ventricular arrhythmias

Summary Ventricular arrhythmias occurring consequent to regional disturbances of myocardial perfusion are the most frequent cause of sudden cardiac death. They are related to marked changes of impulse propagation in the ischemic region, which consist of circulating excitation with re-entry. Mapping of the impulse during ventricular tachycardias and ventricular fibrillation shows that the circus movements change their shape and localization from beat to beat. Zones of tissue which block the impulse during one beat may conduct the impulse at a fast rate during the next beat. The main cause underlying this behavior is the depression of the ischemic action potential. This depression is caused by the partial inactivation and the prolonged recovery of the rapid sodium inward current. In addition to the decrease in resting potential, other factors, such as acidosis, contribute to the inactivation of the inward currents generating the upstroke of the action potential. An increase of coupling resistance between myocardial cells and/or an increase of extracellular resistance appear to be less important for explaining conduction disturbances in acute ischemia.     

Ventricular fibrillation threshold during acute ischemia in hypertrophied rat hearts

Summary Ventricular fibrillation threshold was significantly lower in hypertrophied hearts than in normal hearts. Ischemia produced by coronary occlusion reduced fibrillation threshold in both normal and hypertrophied hearts, but the maximum reduction in fibrillation theshold was observed earlier in hypertrophied hearts.     

Postischemic ATP levels predict hepatic function 24 hours following ischemia in the rat

Summary Hepatic function was assessed by the aminopyrine breath test (ABT) in male Sprague Dawley rats 24 h after partial hepatic ischemia. ABT decreased progressively to 26.3 (p<0.05) and 19.7% of dose (p<0.05) after 90 and 120 min of ischemia, respectively. ABT at 24 h after injury was correlated to the concentration of ATP in the ischemic lobes 1 h after the onset of reperfusion (r²=0.971) but not to ALT activity in plasma at 1 h (r²=0.391). We conclude that postischemic ATP levels are a better index of subsequent hepatic function than ALT.     

Effect of chronic ethanol treatment on peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation in rat liver and heart

Summary Chronic ethanol administration was shown to increase catalase and acyl-CoA oxidase activities in rat myocardium but did not alter the activity of liver peroxisomal enzymes. As a result of alcohol consumption a 2–3-fold increase in the level of lipid peroxidation was observed in the heart tissue while in the liver the induction was much less pronounced.     

黄芪丹参配伍提取物对心肌缺血大鼠的心脏保护作用

为证实黄芪丹参配伍提取物对心肌缺血模型大鼠的心脏具有保护作用,通过左前降支结扎诱导心肌梗死（MI）大鼠模型的方法,研究培哚普利组（PB组）、黄芪组（HQ组）、丹参组（DS组）、黄芪丹参配伍提取物组（HQ+DS组）等药物干预后对心功能的影响。采用Notch信号抑制剂RO4929097探讨Notch信号在HQ+DS组诱导心肌梗死边缘区（infarcted border zone,IBZ）血管生成中的作用。用动物超声和Masson染色评价左室射血分数（left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF）和心肌梗死面积百分比。用免疫荧光法测定心肌IBZ中CD31和vWF的平均光密度（average optical densities,AODs）。Western blot法检测低氧诱导因子1-??（hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha,HIF-1??）、成纤维细胞生长因子受体1（fibroblast growth factor receptor 1,FGFR-1）、Notch1和Notch胞内结构域（Notch intracellular domain,NICD）等血管生成相关蛋白和干细胞动员相关蛋白,例如基质细胞衍生因子1（stromal cell-derived factor 1,SDF-1）、C-X-C趋化因子受体4型（C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4,CXCR-4）和心肌营养素1（cardiotrophin 1,CT-1）。结果表明：与模型组相比,治疗3周后HQ+DS和PB组的LVEF均明显改善、心肌梗死面积降低,尽管与模型组相比HQ组和DS组LVEF增加、心肌梗死面积减少,但差异不显著;模型组和HQ+DS-I组IBZ中CD31的AODs均明显低于假手术组,与模型组相比,HQ+DS显著增加IBZ中CD31的 AODs,降低梗死区CD31和vWF的AODs;模型组和各治疗组HIF-1的表达均高于假手术组;与模型组相比,HQ+DS组的FGFR-1、SDF-1、CT-1、Notch1和NICD表达增加;与HQ+DS组相比,HQ+DS-I组的Notch1和NICD表达降低。可见黄芪丹参配伍对IBZ心肌细胞的保护作用优于黄芪或丹参单独应用,黄芪丹参配伍保护MI大鼠的的机制可能通过Notch信号传导和动员干细胞向IBZ移动而发挥促血管新生作用。