Millennial-scale climate change since the last glaciation recorded by grain sizes of loess deposits on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Whether climatic changes in high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere since the last glaciation have effects on the Tibetan Plateau monsoon, and the variation characteristics of the Plateau monsoon itself are still not solved but of great significance. The 22-m high-resolution Ioess-paleosol sequence in the Hezuo Basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau demonstrates that the Plateau winter monsoon experienced a millennial variation similar to high latitude Northern Hemisphere, with cold events clearly correlated with Heinrich events but less for the warm events (Dansgarrd-Oeschger events). It may indicate that the climate system at high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere had played an important role in both the Plateau monsoon and the high-level westerlies. On 10^4 year scale, there are two distinct anomalous changes, which are not found in the records from high latitude northern hemisphere, revealed by the loess grain size in the Hezuo Basin. One is that there was a considerable grain size increase at -36 kaBP, suggesting an abrupt enhancement of the Plateau winter monsoon at that time; the other is that, during 43--36 kaBP, the grain size decreased distinctly, indicating a notable weakening of the Plateau winter monsoon around that period. Both of the two anomalies suggest that the Tibetan climate may have been controlled by some other factors, besides the high latitude climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere.     

Spatial variability and representation of seabed sediment grain sizes： An example from the Zhoushan-Jinshanwei transect, Hangzhou Bay,China

Grain size analysis was undertaken for the 2-cm interval sub-samples of eight short cores collected along the Zhoushan-Jinshanwei transect in Hangzhou Bay, using a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 laser particle size analyzer. The result indicates that there are different vertical distribution patterns of mean grain size for the short cores. In the study area, the thickness of the seabed moving layer on an annual temporal scale is much larger than that of the deposited layer,i.e. the sedimentary environment is highly dynamic. As a result, the vertical distributions of mean grain size within the short cores represent different types of sedimentary records formed in the same environment, rather than signals of long-term environmental evolution. The seabed sediment consists mainly of silts in the study area, and the vertically-averaged value of mean grain size has a tendency of convergence when the thickness over which the mean value is derived increases. Such patterns indicate that the grain size composition of the deposit is controlled mainly by the source of material supply; nevertheless, to some degree hydraulic sorting is effective, which has resulted in the differences in distribution patterns along the transect between the grainsize values of the surficial sediment and the vertically-averaged values. For long-term sediment transport modeling for an environment associated with strong tidal action and silty sediment, it may be more appropriate to use the vertically-averaged grain size than the value for thesurficial sediment, as the model input.     

农业科技在恩施州农业生态系统粮食增产中的作用

通过恩施州粮食总产量、单位面积粮食产量、人均粮食产量和人均耕地面积等多个指标,以水稻为例,分析了农业科技在恩施州农业生态系统中粮食增产的作用.结果显示,导致恩施州粮食增产的农业科技内容主要包括品种改良、栽培技术变革、施肥模式改革、土壤耕作与土肥调理技术以及病虫害防治技术的变革等多个方面.     

高产优质青贮饲料玉米品种筛选试验研究

黑龙江省是产粮大省，也是畜牧大省，种植青贮玉米发展奶牛事业，是黑龙江省在调整种植业结构中的重大举措。种植青贮玉米对品种选择比较严格，不仅要求品种的生物产量高，还需抗病性强、病叶少，并能在乳熟期收储、品质好。在黑龙江省的西北部地区引进了高油115等8个品种进行比较试验，测定生物产量、成熟期、抗病性、品质等多项指标，经综合评价，筛选出较好的青贮饲料玉米品种主要有高油115、龙辐208，此品种适合在该地区大面积推广应用。表4，参2。     

切削刀具技术的进展及应用

文章简要介绍了金属切削刀具技术的最新进展及其具体应用,论述了刀具技术的推广应用对提升制造业竞争力的现实意义。     

Environmental magnetism and paleoclimatic interpretation of the Sanmenxia loess-paleosol sequence in the southeastern extremity of the Chinese Loess Plateau

This is a report of multi-parameter mineral magnetic results of the Sanmenxia loess-pa-leosol couplets in the SE extremity of the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) over the interval of L1- L13 spanning the last 1 Ma. These results show that mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (X), XARM and SIRM and their ratios exhibit parallel stratigraphic variations. Since superparamagnetic (SP) particles have significant contribution to X but no contribution to remanence, e.g., ARM and SIRM, the strong linear correlations between X and remanence (e.g., ARM and SIRM) suggest that the pedogenesis-produced magnetic grains are predominantly in small single domain range. Consequently, the significant contribution of SP particles to the bulk X as supposed in previous studies has been obviously overestimated. XARM/X data in Sanmenxia and median grain size records of typical loess sections from the hinterland of the CLP display a strong resemblance, implying that XARM/X may be regarded as a reliable indicator for monitoring the variations of ferrimagnetic grain sizes. The results of S-ratio and HIRM ((SIRM IRM-0.3T)/2) measurements indicate that there is significant enhancement of both soft magnetite/maghemite and hard hematite/goethite in paleosols associated with pedogenesis.     

低碳钢形变诱导相变组织在冷却过程中的晶粒长大

通过热模拟实验考察了低碳钢在略高于Ar3温度变形时发生形变诱导铁素体相变(DIFT)的组织演变规律;探讨了变形后连续冷却以及在不同温度下保温对DIFT组织的影响·结果表明,DIFT组织含量随变形量的增大而增多,但在较大的变形量下仍然有部分奥氏体没有发生DIFT;在随后的冷却过程中,未转变奥氏体通过静态相变形成粗大的铁素体,与形变诱导铁素体组织一起形成混晶组织·DIFT铁素体晶粒在形变后冷却过程中发生长大现象·实验测定和理论计算结果都表明,在连续冷却条件下,形变诱导组织存在晶粒长大终止温度,当温度低于该温度时DIFT晶粒停止长大;在不同温度等温时,也存在DIFT晶粒稳定的温度上限,在低于该温度保...     

影响粮食生产的因素分析及政策建议

在分析陕西省1978～2000年粮食生产变化情况的基础上,利用灰色关联分析方法对粮食生产的影响因素进行了分析,结果表明有效灌溉面积、农业机械总动力和粮食播种面积是影响陕西省粮食生产的主要因素,并提出了实现陕西省粮食生产可持续发展的政策建议。表1,参5。     

粒度对浆体管道输送稳定性的影响

针对长距离浆体管道输送过程中存在着输送稳定性的问题,分析了管道输送的主要影响因素,运用实验的方法论述了颗粒级配对浆体输送稳定性的影响.结果表明管道输送选用的颗粒级配是否合理是非常关键的,它的优化将影响一系列管道输送参数,优化浆体的粒度组合,可减小粗颗粒的沉降速度,以制止其分选沉降,从而提高浆体的输送稳定性.因此,选用合理的颗粒级配作为浆体的输送粒级是可行的,也是安全可靠的.     

用整体染色透明法观察油杉花粉粒的结构

采用整体染色透明法对油杉花粉的个体发育过程进行了详细观察,以更清楚地显示油杉单核小孢子有丝分裂过程及其成熟花粉粒结构的特点.结果表明,单核小孢子经过连续4次有丝分裂后形成5-细胞型的成熟花粉粒;成熟花粉由两个原叶细胞、一个不育细胞、一个精原细胞和一个管细胞组成,其中的两个原叶细胞在花粉成熟时已退化.整体染色透明法制片过程简单快速,效果较佳,适用于裸子植物花粉个体发育过程的观察,是值得推广的一种观察技术;主要关键技术在于染色、脱水和透明时间的长短.