基于遗传算法Fuzzy规则自动获取

为了实现Ｆｕｚｚｙ规则自动获取，进而坑性能智能系统和解决智能系统中的“瓶颈”问题，提出了利用遗传算法自动获取模糊规则的方法。定义了个体评估函数，说明了Ｆｕｚｚｙ规则以及遗传算法的组合优化的能力，计算机模拟结果表明这种方法有效地获取Ｆｕｚｚｙ规则。     

Mitochondrial DNA variation in geographic populations of Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae)

Summary This study demonstrates variability in restriction enzyme cleavage sites of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) among four popalations of Colorado potato beetle (CPB). A suite of three enzymes (EcoRI,HpaI,PstI) was sufficient to discriminate among the populations tested. Individuals heteroplasmic for restriction enzyme patterns were found in some populations. Variability in CPB mtDNA should prove useful in efforts to trace the origin and dispersal of the species in North America.     

Evolutionary and ecological consequences of interspecific hybridization in cladocerans

The evolutionary process of interspecific hybridization in cladocerans is reviewed based on ecological and population genetic data. The evolutionary consequences of hybridization, biogeographic patterns and fitness comparisons are analyzed within the conceptual framework of theories on hybridization. Among species of theD. longispina complex no interpopulational transition zones (hybrid zones) have been detected, but rather patchy distributions of hybrids and parentals have been found. Hybrids occur across broad geographic ranges and can be more abundant than parental species. Due to asexual reproduction (ameiotic parthenogenesis), hybrid breakdown can be avoided, and hybrids can even (temporarily) combine advantageous traits of both parental species. Evolutionary consequences may arise from repeated backcrossing, which in some cases results in introgression and patterns of reticulate evolution.Those forms which possess in some considerable degree the character of species, but which are so closely similar to some other forms, or are so closely linked to them by intermediate gradations, that naturalists do not like to rank them as distinct species, are in several respects the most important to us (Charles Robert Darwin 1859)     

成人师范专科遗传学教学改革的尝试

本文论述通过筛选教材、直观教学、启发自学和加强实验等方法改革遗传教学、提高遗传学教学质量的做法和经验。     

分子标记技术在昆虫种群遗传学研究中的应用

介绍了近年来RAPD,AFLP,PCR—SSCP和微卫星等分子标记技术在昆虫种群遗传结构、生物型鉴别、天敌识别及利用以及亲缘关系的鉴定、亲系识别等研究方面的应用,并展望其应用前景．     

Enzymes of Sphingolipid metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster

Sphingolipids are important structural components of membranes that delimit the boundaries of cellular compartments, cells and organisms. They play an equally important role as second messengers, and transduce signals across or within the compartments they define to initiate physiological changes during development, differentiation and a host of other cellular events. For well over a century Drosophila melanogaster has served as a useful model organism to understand some of the fundamental tenets of development, differentiation and signaling in eukaryotic organisms. Directed approaches to study sphingolipid biology in Drosophila have been initiated only recently. Nevertheless, earlier phenotypic studies conducted on genes of unknown biochemical function have recently been recognized as mutants of enzymes of sphingolipid metabolism. Genome sequencing and annotation have aided the identification of homologs of recently discovered genes. Here we present an overview of studies on enzymes of the de novo sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway, known mutants and their phenotypic characterization in Drosophila.Received 14 June 2004; received after revision 15 August 2004; accepted 21 August 2004     

蛋白质多态性研究中的质量控制

对蛋白质、酶多态性研究中样本的数量、实验方法、基因型判定等环节中的一些实际问题进行了分析,并探讨了蛋白质多态性研究的应用前景．     

森林遗传管理的现代基础理论与技术——林木遗传育种学

林木遗传育种学是以现代生物科学、现代林学及有关自然科学的成就为基础的一门应用科学,是森林遗传学的重要基础。森林遗传学的研究提供了树木个体或群体遗传特性的信息,确定树木之间或树种之间的遗传关系,为森林资源的保存、开发和利用提供理论基础。林木育种是营林技术的组成部分,其目的是为了提高和维护森林的生产力、再生能力和生物多样性。在国土生态环境建设和林业产业体系建设中,对森林或林木的遗传性进行有效的管理、控制和改造,是促进林业高效和可持续发展的重要技术措施。     

谷类作物基因组的共线性

谷类是农业生产中最为重要的粮食作物。比较遗传学研究表明,在遗传图谱水平和Mb水平,许多谷类作物的基因组所含基因及基因的顺序均高度保守,但在微观水平上,共线性水平的保守性不高,各物种间存在不同程度的重组。禾谷类作物基因组的共线性分析可为禾本科基因组进化研究提供了重要线索,也有助于其他禾本科物种基因组结构研究。水稻由于具有基因组小、与其他谷类作物共线性水平高等特点而被作为单子叶植物的模式植物。