遗传标记在甜瓜遗传育种中的应用

综述了遗传标记在研究甜瓜起源地、分类、遗传多样性、图谱构建及分子辅助育种等方面的应用。     

认知功能障碍的遗传学基础

目的:通过了解具有认知表型病例的遗传学基础,揭示认知的生物学基础.方法:对非特异性精神发育迟滞等具有精神发育迟滞表型的病症的分子基础以及学习与记忆的动物模型的研究成果进行阐述.结果:染色体畸形和基因突变会导致精神发育迟滞.学习与记忆行为与基因的表达及蛋白质的合成相关.结论:精神发育迟滞等病症的分子基础和学习与记忆的动物模型研究的认识,促使我们理解认知的生物学基础.     

庙台槭的居群遗传结构和遗传多样性

目的 研究庙台槭(Acer miaotaiense P．C．Tsoong)自然居群的遗传结构和种内遗传多样性。方法 选取20条RAPD随机引物对3个庙台槭居群的39个个体进行PCR扩增得到一系列0，1数据，用Popgen32，AMOVA和SPSS 9．0软件进行数据分析。结果 20条引物共检测到128个RAPD位点，庙台槭物种水平的多态性位点比率为53．13％，居群水平的多态位点比率分别为秦岭中段南坡居群42．90％，中段北坡居群18．75％，秦岭西段居群32．78％。聚类分析及主成分分析显示3个居群的个体有以彼此为中心的聚集趋势。庙台槭居群间基因流大小仅为Nm=0．7036。结论 庙台槭具有较低的遗传多样性，尤其是在居群水平上；庙台槭居群间已发生了强烈的遗传分化；庙台槭居群间的基因流很小，遗传漂变和随之而来的近交可能是刻划居群遗传结构的主要因素。     

家禽主基因研究现状与藏鸡遗传资源的开发利用

介绍了家禽主基因的概念和研究现状，根据藏鸡遗传资源的特点，结合比较遗传学的方法，建议在藏鸡遗传资源的开发利用中应尽快分享主基因研究在其它畜禽育种中的研究成果，并提出了研究和开发藏鸡经济性状主基因资源的利用途径。     

山羊乳生化遗传标记的研究进展

对山羊乳中αs－酪蛋白、β－酪蛋白、β－乳球蛋白等基因位点的遗传多态性作了系统地论述，同时，阐述了山羊乳蛋白遗传多样性作为遗传标记，在山羊起源、进化、亲缘关系、经济形状、生产性能等领域中的应用及山羊乳蛋白与疾病关系等的研究现状，并对其应用前景作了展望。     

原位杂交技术及其在动物遗传育种中的应用

在简要介绍原位杂交技术的基础上，论述了该技术在基因定位、基因图普的构建、性别鉴定、转基因等动物遗传育种领域中应用现状，并对其进行了展望。     

保护生物学研究进展及其与可持续发展的关系

保护生物学是一门年轻的综合性学科，其目的是研究生物多样性保护的方法和途径。在人类面临世界物种与生境大灭绝的背景下的今天，保护生物学显得尤其重要。文章分析介绍了保护生物学的兴起与发展、主要理论架构和发展趋势，概述了保护生物学的两个主要研究内容保护遗传学和种群生存力研究概况以及保护生物学研究的热点问题，并论述了保护生物学与可持续发展之间的关系。     

Asexual reproduction: Genetics and evolutionary aspects

Reproduction is essential to all organisms if they are to contribute to the next generation. There are various means and ways of achieving this goal. This review focuses on the role of asexual reproduction for eukaryotic organisms and how its integration in a life cycle can influence their population genetics and evolution. An important question for evolutionary biologists as to why some organisms reproduce sexually, as opposed to asexually, is addressed. We also discuss the economic and medical importance of asexual organisms. Received 4 December 2006; received after revision 25 January 2007; accepted 20 February 2007     

Role of toxins in evolution and ecology of plant pathogenic fungi

Many fungal pathogens of plants adapt readily to changes in agriculture. Among the most revealing is a fungal group whose species produce host-selective toxins as key determinants of disease. Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that these fungi evolved from opportunistic, low-grade pathogens by gaining new genetic information leading to toxin production; in some species, toxin production is known to be under single gene control. as a result of this evolution, these fungi became virulent and host-specialized. The best-known model cases belong to the generaCochliobolus andAlternaria; there are suggestions of evolutionary lines among these genera, with species that range from saprophytes to opportunists to specialized pathogens. Host specialization can lead to genetic isolation, a first step in speciation. Ability to produce host-selective toxin has allowed these fungi to exploit the monocultures and genetic uniformity of modern agriculture. Destructive epidemics have been the result.     

Sex pheromone communication in the lepidoptera: New research progress

Summary Significant progress has been made recently in research on lepidopterous sex pheromones. Advances in understanding the biochemical, neurobiological, and behavioral events that results in both successful and unsuccessful pheromone communication have allowed researchers to gain new insights into the genetic control and evolution of phermone systems.