生命科学的发展与高等师范生物教育

本列举了生命科学近些年在宏观、微观、特别是应用方面的发展和趋势，强调在师范生物教育中贯穿生命科学新知识、新技术的重要意义。     

浅析图式在高职遗传学教学中的应用

在高职遗传学教学中，图式是学生加工教材信息的基本知识框架，它对学生的学习质量有直接的影响。高职遗传学要遵循学生图式活动的规律，在教材的编选、教法的运用等方面要体现学生图式的形态和内容的特点。     

启发式教学在遗传学教学中的应用

目的：探讨启发式教学在遗传学教学中的应用。方法：在遗传学教学中,根据不同的教学内容灵活运用比较法、发现法和问题分析教学法等多种形式的启发式教学;把教师的讲授和大学生的积极思维活动与主动学习充分结合起来;把传授知识和传授学习与研究方法有机结合起来。结果：充分调动了学生的学习兴趣,大大加强了教学中的启发性、探索性和研究性,提高了教学的效率与质量。     

Embodied Anomaly Resolution in Molecular Genetics: A Case Study of RNAi

Scientific anomalies are observations and facts that contradict current scientific theories and they are instrumental in scientific theory change. Philosophers of science have approached scientific theory change from different perspectives as Darden (Theory change in science: Strategies from Mendelian genetics, 1991) observes: Lakatos (In: Lakatos, Musgrave (eds) Criticism and the growth of knowledge, 1970) approaches it as a progressive “research programmes” consisting of incremental improvements (“monster barring” in Lakatos, Proofs and refutations: The logic of mathematical discovery, 1976), Kuhn (The structure of scientific revolutions, 1996) observes that changes in “paradigms” are instigated by a crisis from some anomaly, and Hanson (In: Feigl, Maxwell (eds) Current issues in the philosophy of science, 1961) proposes that discovery does not begin with hypothesis but with some “problematic phenomena requiring explanation”. Even though anomalies are important in all of these approaches to scientific theory change, there have been only few investigations into the specific role anomalies play in scientific theory change. Furthermore, much of these approaches focus on the theories themselves and not on how the scientists and their experiments bring about scientific change (Gooding, Experiment and the making of meaning: Human agency in scientific observation and experiment, 1990). To address these issues, this paper approaches scientific anomaly resolution from a meaning construction point of view. Conceptual integration theory (Fauconnier and Turner, Cogn Sci 22:133–187, 1996; The way we think: Conceptual blending and mind’s hidden complexities, 2002) from cognitive linguistics describes how one constructs meaning from various stimuli, such as text and diagrams, through conceptual integration or blending. The conceptual integration networks that describe the conceptual integration process characterize cognition that occurs unconsciously during meaning construction. These same networks are used to describe some of the cognition while resolving an anomaly in molecular genetics called RNA interference (RNAi) in a case study. The RNAi case study is a cognitive-historical reconstruction (Nersessian, In: Giere (ed) Cognitive models of science, 1992) that reconstructs how the RNAi anomaly was resolved. This reconstruction traces four relevant molecular genetics publications in describing the cognition necessary in accounting for how RNAi was resolved through strategies (Darden 1991), abductive reasoning (Peirce, In: Hartshorne, Weiss (eds) Collected papers, 1958), and experimental reasoning (Gooding 1990). The results of the case study show that experiments play a crucial role in formulating an explanation of the RNAi anomaly and the integration networks describe the experiments’ role. Furthermore, these results suggest that RNAi anomaly resolution is embodied. It is embodied in a sense that cognition described in the cognitive-historical reconstruction is experientially based.

行为遗传学之父——本则尔

一位科学家在一个领域做出卓越贡献可算的上大师级人物,然而在多个领域都称的上大师的科学家则较为罕见,在一定程度上可将其称为天才级的科学大师.最近刚刚去世的西莫尔·本则尔(Seymour Benzer)在物理学、分子生物学和行为遗传学三个领域都做出了奠基性的成就,因此可算其中一位[1].     

Zebrafish:A Renewed Model System For Functional Genomics

In the post genome era, a major goal in molecular biology is to determine the function of the many thousands of genes present in the vertebrate genome. The zebrafish （ Danio redo） provides an almost ideal genetic model to identify the biological roles of these novel genes, in part because their embryos are transparent and develop rapidly, The zebrafish has many advantages over mouse for genome-wide mutagenesis studies, allowing for easier, cheaper and faster functional characterization of novel genes in the vertebrate genome. Many molecular research tools such as chemical mutagenesis, transgenesis , gene trapping, gene knockdown,     

果蝇——小昆虫的大成就

黑腹果蝇,俗称果蝇,是遗传学和发育生物学研究者的宠儿。作为生物学研究中最重要的一种模式动物,其研究历史已超过一个世纪。果蝇拥有许多其他模式动物无法比拟的优势,因此被广泛应用于研究胚胎发育、器官发生、疾病和动物行为的遗传调控机制。     

随机扩增多态DNA在果树上的应用(综述)

综述了RAPD及其在构建果树遗传连锁图谱、目的性状基因标记、遗传关系鉴定及种属鉴定等方面的作用。     

中国两性生殖卤虫种群PO同工酶基因的表达特征

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳法对中国两性生殖卤虫 14个品系和伊朗的 1个两性生殖品系的过氧化物酶 ( PO)同工酶基因的表达特征进行了研究 .实验结果表明 :( 1)中国卤虫种群 Artemia sinica各品系和伊朗的 A.urmiana各自有其独特的 PO同工酶基因型 ;( 2 )在两性生殖卤虫各品系 PO同工酶基因表达过程中多数品系 PO-1、PO-3座位均未发现 aa基因型 ;PO-2座位测定不到 aa基因型 ;( 3 )存在品系内和品系间的多态现象 .     

The Alpha Thalassaemias

Recent work in the α thalassaemia field has started to provide some indication of the mechanisms involved in the very high frequency of the different forms of α thalassaemia among the populations of tropical countries, and, at the same time, is starting to define at least some of the mechanisms for its remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity. These diseases continue to provide extremely valuable models for the better understanding of the regulation of the α globin genes, and for human molecular pathology in general. The much less common disorders, ATR-16 and ATR-X are also providing valuable information about the spectrum of molecular lesions associated with different forms of mental retardation and about the molecular mechanisms involved in their varying phenotypes. Received 29 August 2008; received after revision 07 October 2008; accepted 14 October 2008