玉米抗根倒伏性状的遗传研究

选10个具有抗根倒伏差异的玉米自交系，按完全双列式组配的45个组合为供试材料，经遗传参数估算和通径分析。结果表明：所有抗根倒伏性状基因型间存在显著差异；抗根倒伏性状基因型变异中其一般配合力比特殊配合力重要，同一抗根倒伏性状不同自交系，同一自交系不同抗根倒伏性状一般配合力表现明显差异；多数抗根倒伏性状间的遗传正相关显著，丰产的玉米组全程表现较优的根强度，不同性状对根倒作用大小不同。     

微卫星标记及其在畜禽遗传育种中的应用

微卫星是近十多年来发展起来的一种新型的分子遗传标记。它具有在基因组中数量大、分布广、多态性丰富、易于检测、呈孟德尔共显性遗传等优点,因此被广泛应用于基因定位、构建基因组图谱、个体及亲缘关系鉴定、群体遗传结构与遗传关系的分析、监测育种和遗传操作效应、标记辅助选择及杂种优势预测等方面。综述了微卫星DNA标记及其在畜禽遗传育种中的应用。     

遗传学课程教学改革初探

为了适应21世纪社会发展对人才的需要,培养创新型人才,根据遗传学课程的特点,对遗传学教学内容进行了优化处理,并对提问式教学、自学指导法、讨论法等教学方法作了一些探讨.     

生态遗传学在天然林保护工程中的应用

生态遗传学是种群生态学和种群遗传学相互渗透、相互结合的综合性学科,是天然林遗传资源保护的理论基础.应用生态遗传学研究天然林生态系统中遗传和演替的关系、种群和生态系统的相互关系等,有助于更好地进行天然林遗传资源的管理、生物多样性保护以及健康维护,能够科学地指导天然林资源的合理利用、生态恢复和物种引进.     

遗传学实验的计算机模拟系统设计

采用VisualBasic语言开发设计了遗传学实验的计算机模拟系统,从而实现了对遗传学三大规律、群体遗传漂变的不同类型的计算机模拟,使原本难以进行的实验内容变得简单、可行.本系统功能齐全,操作简单,只需要输入一些实验参数就可以得到模拟的实验数据及科学、系统的统计分析结果,还能看到形象化的实验过程.     

小麦雌性不育遗传的初步分析

为了探明小麦雌性不育的遗传规律,以小麦雌性不育系fs与育性正常的小麦品种或种的杂交一代和二代为材料,对其雄性育性和雌性育性进行了两年的观察,其杂种一代和二代的雄性育性正常,雌性育性在一代正常,二代多数组合出现1 4或1 16的雌性不育株,初步认为小麦雌性不育依试验亲本选材的不同表现为一对或两对隐性基因的遗传,雌性不育的表达可能涉及到两对主效基因的参与并且受环境的修饰.     

Pheromone behavioral responses in unusual male European corn borer hybrid progeny not correlated to electrophysiological phenotypes of their pheromone-specific antennal neurons

In genetic studies on the sex pheromone communication system of two races of European corn borer, which use opposite pheromone blends of the E and Z compounds, it was found that antennal olfactory cell response amplitudes to the two compounds were controlled by an autosomal factor, whereas behavioral responses to the blends were controlled by a sex-linked locus. Because of the difference in genetic controls, it was postulated that some unusual males would be produced in F₂ crosses between these two races. These unusual males would have antennal olfactory cells that respond as the Z-race males, but would respond behaviorally to the E blend. The present studies combined behavioral studies in a flight tunnel and single cell electrophysiological studies to show that these unusual males do indeed exist. These findings show that the spike amplitude of peripheral olfactory cells is not important in regulating species- or race-specific pheromone responses, as compared to some central nervous system factor assesses the spike frequencies from different pheromone-component-specific cells on the antenna. This factor seems to be essential in governing the pheromone-blend specific behavioral responses of male moths.     

尊重教学规律,保持遗传学教学的系统性

本文就我国遗传学课程运行的系统性现状进行了全面的综述,详细分析了多种不重视遗传学课程系统性的表现及其对遗传学发展所产生的不良影响.在此基础上,讨论了保持遗传学教学系统性的重要意义及保持遗传教学系统性与教学改革之间的相互关系,并提出了如何保持遗传学教学系统性的若干意见.     

海洋贝类遗传育种研究20年

遗传育种在海洋贝类养殖产业发展中的作用越来越凸显．良种化养殖是未来贝类养殖的基本方向．本文主要根据作者20多年的研究成果，综合评述了海洋养殖贝类的群体遗传学、贝类染色体组操作技术、杂交和选择的理论与方法、功能基因及其育种辅助标记、遗传连锁图的构建和QTL定位、贝类遗传育种体系的建设等方面的研究进展，提出贝类育种研究的若干发展方向．     

Unraveling the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease – the contribution of monogenic forms

The field of Parkinsons disease pathogenesis is rapidly evolving from the one of a monolithic and obscure entity into the one of a complex scenario with several known molecular players. The ongoing systematic exploration of the genome holds great promise for the identification of the genetic factors conferring susceptibility to the common non-Mendelian forms of this disease. However, most of the progress of the last 5 years has come from the successful mapping and cloning of genes responsible for rare Mendelian variants of Parkinsons disease. These discoveries are providing tremendous help in understanding the molecular mechanisms of this devastating disease. Here we review the genetics of the monogenic forms of Parkinsons disease. Moreover, we focus on the mechanisms of disease caused by -synuclein and parkin mutations, and the implications of this growing body of knowledge for understanding the pathogenesis of the common forms of the disease. Received 10 March 2004; received after revision 26 April 2004; accepted 29 April 2004