南海红树林真菌（1356号）多糖分离提取及甲醇解研究

从南海海洋真菌（1356号）菌体中分离到一种新的杂多糖W11,甲醇解研究表明W11是由葡萄糖和半乳糖组成的,其摩尔比为3：2,药理研究表明,该多糖能提高机体的免疫功能,对人肝癌细胞HepG2和Re17402有细胞毒作用,半数杀伤浓度（IC50）分别为50μg/mL和25μg/mL。     

深部真菌感染治疗药物药效比较研究

深部真菌感染的各种疾病,如念珠菌病、霉菌病、隐球菌病等的治疗,由制霉菌素、灰色霉素、两性霉素B,发展到用咪唑类药物,如酮康唑、伊曲康唑、氟康唑、沃利康唑等高效、低毒、选择性好的新型抗真菌药。这些新型抗真菌解决了真菌的耐药问题,制止了盲目的用药。特别是采取联合用药的方法,使深部真菌病的治疗进入一个新时代。     

一株耐铀镉真菌菌株的筛选及其耐铀镉特性的研究

从生长在铀尾矿库区的博落回的根系中,分离出了一株耐铀镉真菌菌株A-2。在固体培养基上,铀和镉对该菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为160 mg/L和160mg/L,而在液体培养基中,铀和镉对该菌株的MIC为80 mg/L和80 mg/L。经形态学观察和分子鉴定,该菌株属于镰刀菌属,其GenBank登录号为MH978624,可命名为Fusarium sp. A-2。进一步的试验研究结果表明,该菌株在铀镉胁迫下会分泌大量草酸、苹果酸和丁二酸,与铀镉络合,降低了铀镉对菌株的毒性,这可能是该菌株具有高耐铀镉性及能减轻铀镉毒害的机理之一。该菌株在土壤铀镉复合污染治理中具有潜在应用前景。     

微贮对菌糠在瘤胃中降解特性的影响

对3头装有永久瘤胃瘘管的湖北本地阉黄牛, 采用尼龙袋技术测定了平菇菌糠和微贮平菇菌糠的 DM, OM,NDF, ADF的瘤胃降解率. 结果表明, 菌糠经微贮处理后DM, OM, NDF和 ADF在瘤胃中的动态降解率显著提高( P< 0. 01) ,分别提高了 13. 53%, 16. 17%, 19. 72%和 19. 60%, 且降解速度加快,消化延搁期缩短. 从而得出结论: 经微贮处理后的菌糠,其饲用价值得到了提高,更适合作为反刍动物的粗饲料.     

Construction of chimeric inducible promoters by elicitors of rice fungal blast pathogen and their expression in transgenic rice

The promoter fragments of wheatGstA1 and potatoGst1 have been amplified by PCR, cloned and fused respectively to the minimal promoter sequence of rice actin gene (Act1)) and its 5′ untranslated leader sequence together withGUS. The constructs with 2 chimeric promoters (WGA and PGA) have been transferred into rice in order to analyze their inducibility patterns in transgenic rice plants. The results show that: WGA and PGA are both inducible by elicitors ofPyricularia oryzae in transgenic rice cells; the intron I of riceAct1 gene is important for the heterogenic expression of monocot and dicot promoter elements in rice; and theAct1 minimal promoter and its 5′ untranslated leader sequence produced low level background expression in rice.     

Isolation and partial characterization of a phytotoxic glycoprotein from culture filtrates ofRhynchosporium secalis

Summary Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.) Davis produces a phytotoxic compound with a mol. wt of 275×10³ which is able to induce chlorotic symptoms in both susceptible and resistant barley leaves. Collectively, the data suggest that the toxin is a glycoprotein. Mild base treatment, by elimination, indicates that threonine and serine are involved in o-glycosidic linkages with the carbohydrate moiety. Sugar residues occur in the molecule in the ratio of mannose, rhammnose, galactose, glucosamine 13.6111.Acknowledgments. We acknowledge the assistance of Mr M. McNeil and P. Albersheim in doing the sugar analyses shown in this report. Financial support for this project was provided by a BARD grant 1-31-79, the French government, and the Montana Ag. Expt. Station.     

真菌诱导物对红豆杉细胞的影响

从红豆杉树皮、根皮中分离得到了十种真菌,由这些真菌制成的真菌诱导物加入到红豆杉细胞培养物中后,均能引起细胞发生过敏反应,细胞生长量下降,培养液ｐＨ值降低,但是各种真菌诱导物对紫杉醇合成的促进作用有很大的差别,最佳的情况为加入真菌诱导物后,紫杉醇的含量达到细胞干重的０．０７％．可为红豆杉细胞大规模培养提高紫杉醇的产量提供依据．     

平行气流真菌孢子释放强度试验研究

真菌是室内环境中普遍存在的空气微生物污染物,可对人体产生许多危害.采用自行开发的平行气流真菌孢子释放强度测定装置(PAFST),测量了5种典型风速下,4种常见真菌孢子柑桔青霉(Penicillium citrinum)、扩张青霉(Penicillium expansum)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)和枝孢属(Cladosporium Spp.)在3种材料表面的释放强度.结果表明气流的作用形式是影响孢子释放强度的主要因素;在琼脂表面,风速0.9m/s时,柑桔青霉的释放强度为(7±9)个/cm2;枝孢属在风速4.7m/s时,释放强度为(50±35)个/cm2;在无纺布表面柑桔青霉和扩张青霉的最小释放气流速度是0.3m/s,黑曲霉是2.4m/s,枝孢属为9.4m/s;当达到孢子释放最大强度时,风速增加释放强度将不再增大.     

Fungal competition and mycotoxin production on corn

Summary Aflatoxin and secalonic acid D production in corn in laboratory and field by mixed cultures ofPencillium oxalicum andAspergillus flavus orA. parasiticus was lower than production by the pure cultures. However, mixed culture of these molds withFusarium spp. did not affect mycotoxin production.     

多胺化壳聚糖载体固定化漆酶及其性质研究

以多胺化壳聚糖为载体,戊二醛为交联剂固定化白毒鹅膏菌漆酶,研究了最佳固定化条件及固定化酶的部分性质.结果表明,戊二醛浓度2％,交联时间14h,固定化时间6h,给酶最70mg/g载体时同定化效果最佳,酶活力可达64.3 U/g.此固定化漆酶的Km为8.73mmol· L-1;最适pH值4.2,较自由漆酶向酸性偏移;最适反...