Nitric oxide mediates the fungal elicitor-induced Taxol biosynthesis of Taxus chinensis suspension cells through the reactive oxygen species-dependent and -independent signal pathways

Taxol (paclitaxel, NSC-125973), a secondary me- tabolite of the Taxus species, has been recognized as one of the best anticancer drugs emerging in the last decade[1]. The production of Taxol by various Taxus spp. cells in culture has been one of the most …     

广西一点红真菌性病害病原鉴定初报

2003年9月至2005年11月,在广西药用植物园、柳江种植基地和南宁郊区等一点红[Emilia sonchifolia(L.)DC.]的种植区调查研究一点红真菌性病害.结果鉴定了6种真菌性病害, 即:斑点病(Corynespora cassiicola)、灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea)、黑斑病(Alternaria longipes)、斑枯病(Septoria glycines)、炭疽病(Colletotrichum sp.)和锈病(Coleosporium sp.),其中斑点病、灰霉病、黑斑病和斑枯病的病原鉴定是采用传统分类与分子生物学分类相结合的方法进行.     

大气环境中金属及其保护层霉菌腐蚀研究的进展

微生物及其生命特征严重影响着材料的服役性能与寿命.目前大量的研究集中在细菌腐蚀领域,对于大气环境中真菌造成的腐蚀行为与机理研究较少.事实上,在大气环境中存在着大量的霉菌,其生命活动对金属及涂、镀层的腐蚀也具有重要的影响.本文综述了霉菌的生化特性与腐蚀的关系,讨论了在大气环境中霉菌对金属及涂、镀层材料腐蚀行为的影响,并归纳了霉菌腐蚀的相关机理;同时根据腐蚀特征的对比分析可知,霉菌腐蚀与细菌腐蚀具有一定的差异性,其主要原因在于两类菌的代谢产物不同.目前,对金属及涂、镀层材料的霉菌腐蚀研究大多停留在对材料表面霉菌腐蚀现象的描述和产物的分析等方面,缺乏对霉菌生命活动与腐蚀速度的定量表征,缺乏对霉菌引起的腐蚀过程动力学规律的研究,这将是未来研究工作的重点.     

Secretion of chitinase byAphanocladium album,a hyperparasite of wheat rust

Summary Aphanocladium album, a hyperparasite of wheat rust,Puccinia graminis vartritici, secretes chitinase when grown on a chitin-containing medium. This enzyme was purified and shown to attack the mycelium of the parasitized rust fungus.Supported, in part, by a grant from the Naef-Roth-Foundation.     

Fijiensin,the first phytotoxin fromMycosphaerella fijiensis,the causative agent of Black Sigatoka disease

Summary Fijiensin, a novel phytotoxic metabolite, was isolated from a culture of the fungusMycosphaerella fijiensis, the causal agent of Black Sigatoka disease of banana. Fijiensin is phytotoxic on various banana cultivars, but not toward non-host plants. The structure of fijiensin was determined by X-ray analysis.     

Gigantenone,a novel sesquiterpene phytohormone mimic

Summary Gigantenone, a new eremophilane diepoxide, was isolated from the fungal plant pathogenDrechslera gigantea. It displays unique biological activity on higher plants. On most graminaceous species, the application of 18 nanomoles to a leaf surface results in the formation of green islands — localized areas of chlorophyll retention. Gigantenone is structurally unrelated to the cytokinins, yet induces the green island effect associated with these phytohormones at comparable concentrations. However, on dicotyledonous species it generally causes necrotic lesions. On host plants ofD. gigantea, gigantenone induced lesions closely resembling those appearing in natural infections. Gigantenone also induces root formation in mung bean hypocotyls and shows a high level of activity in several plant tissue culture systems.We thank the US-National Science Foundation (Grant DMB-8607347) for partially supporting this work.     

桉树林地中捕食线虫真菌的多样性研究

 从2004~2005年采自文山桉树林的420份土样中共鉴定出4属、18种捕食线虫真菌.Arthrobotrys thaumasium,A.oligospora为优势种,检出率分别为25.40%和21.21%.通过对2个桉树林样地及其对照地2a的捕食线虫真菌多样性分析,未发现桉树种植短期内对捕食线虫真菌多样性有明显的负面影响.通过对桉树林及其对照地土壤中2a的土壤营养测定和比较,发现桉树林地土壤中的N,P,K和有机质含量的下降幅度大于对照地,桉树种植容易导致土壤贫瘠.相邻地段中捕食线虫真菌群落结构非常相似,变化不大;而随着时间的推移,相同地段环境中捕食线虫真菌的群落结构在不断地变化.桉树林中捕食线虫真菌多样性与N,P,K和有机质含量均成正相关关系.     

Enzymatic formation of potential anticancer and antiviral inosine analogues

Theoretically, inosine analogues should act as effective inhibitors of tumor cell proliferation and viral replication. To acquire a broad spectrum of new candidate inosine analogues, a rapid, facile, quantitative and stereoselective method for deaminating potential antitumor and antiviral adenine analogues previously synthesized in our laboratory was developed. A novel 5-adenylic acid deaminase, with relaxed substrate requirements, fromAspergillus species was utilized to deaminate four hexofuranosyladenine nucleosides and five adenine nucleoside dialdehydes to their corresponding inosine analogues. The fastest rates of deamination for the hexofuranosyl nucleosides were for the compounds where the vicinal hydroxyl groups on the sugars are oriented in the erythro configuration. For rapid deamination of the adenine nucleoside dialdehydes, theR configuration at the proximal carbon atom is preferred, while the nature of the group on the distal carbon atom has no significant effect on the rate or extent of deamination.     

环境胁迫对禾草—内生真菌共生体的影响

Neotyphodium属内生真菌与禾本科植物之间的共生关系因其与农牧业的密切关系而受到研究者们的广泛关注。Neotyphodium属内生真菌长期生活在植物体内的特殊环境中,并与宿主协同进化,在演化过程中二者形成互惠共生关系,一方面内生真菌可从宿主中吸收营养供自己生长需要,另一方面内生真菌可增强宿主植物的抗旱性、抗病性和抗虫性,促进宿主植物生长并提高其竞争能力,但也对家畜产生毒性。