益气化瘀化痰法对肺纤维化大鼠肺组织结构及血清MMP-9、TIMP-1的影响

目的 观察益气化瘀化痰法(YHH)对肺纤维化大鼠肺组织结构、血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMPO)和金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1(TIMP-1)水平的影响,探讨其防治肺纤维化的可能机制.方法 健康SD大鼠采用博来霉素建立肺纤维化模型,随机分成7组:正常对照组(Z组)、模型组(M组)、氢化可的松组(QK组)、益气组(YQ组)、化瘀组(HY组)、化痰组(HT组)、益气化瘀化痰组(YHH组).HE、Masson染色光镜观察肺组织病理形态变化;电镜观察肺组织超微结构变化;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清MMP-9、TIMP-1含量.结果 1)与M组比较,各治疗组均能减少肺间质胶原沉积,减轻肺纤维化程度,尤以YHH组较为明显2)与Z组比较,M组血清MMP-9水平有所升高,TIMP-1水平显著升高,MMP-9/TIMP-1比值降低(P＜0.05);与M组比较,各治疗组均能升高血清MMP-9水平,降低TIMP-1水平,升高MMP-9/TIMP-1比值,以YHH组作用更显著(P＜0.05).结论 益气化瘀化痰法可能在一定程度上通过调整MMP-9/TIMP-1的比值,使其趋于平衡,从而延缓肺纤维化的进程.     

Involvement of small Ras GTPases and their effectors in chronic renal disease

The mechanisms involved in the development of renal fibrosis are poorly understood. Small Ras GTPases control cell proliferation, differentiation, cellular growth and apoptosis, with cell-specific expression in the kidney. Cytokines, high glucose medium or advanced glycation end-products activate Ras in different renal cells. Increased Ras activation has been found in experimental tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and Ras signalling pathways are close related: TGF-β1 overcomes Ras mitogenic effects, and Ras counteracts TGF-β signalling. However, Ras activation is also an intracellular signal transduction point for several molecules (e.g. TGF-β1) involved in kidney damage. Ras isoforms play different roles in regulating extracellular matrix synthesis in fibroblasts and mesangial cells. These data give evidence for a role for Ras in renal fibrosis, but no reviews are available on the role of p21 Ras in this process. Thus, our goal is to review the role of Ras activation and signalling in renal fibrosis. Received 7 June 2007; received after revision 17 September 2007; accepted 1 October 2007     

Atomic model of human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator: Membrane-spanning domains and coupling interfaces

We describe herein an atomic model of the outward-facing three-dimensional structure of the membrane-spanning domains (MSDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) of human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), based on the experimental structure of the bacterial transporter Sav1866. This model, which is in agreement with previous experimental data, highlights the role of some residues located in the transmembrane passages and directly involved in substrate translocation and of some residues within the intracellular loops (ICL1-ICL4) making MSD/NBD contacts. In particular, our model reveals that D173 ICL1 and N965 ICL3 likely interact with the bound nucleotide and that an intricate H-bond network (involving especially the ICL4 R1070 and the main chain of NBD1 F508) may stabilize the interface between MSD2 and the NBD1F508 region. These observations allow new insights into the ATP-binding sites asymmetry and into the molecular consequences of the F508 deletion, which is the most common cystic fibrosis mutation.     

Two-tiered hypotheses for Duchenne muscular dystrophy

New approaches to understanding and designing treatments for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) may emerge from two hypotheses outlined here. The proposal that growing skeletal muscle is more susceptible to necrosis than adult muscle raises the possibility that less intensive treatments may be sufficient to protect muscles during the adult phase. The second proposal is that a different balance of cell and molecular events contributes to acute necrosis (e.g. resulting from exercise) compared with chronic damage of dystrophic muscle. Validation of such differences presents the potential for more specific targeting of drugs or nutritional interventions to events downstream of the dystrophin deficiency. A deeper understanding of the events arising as an early consequence of dystrophin deficiency in these two situations may strengthen approaches to therapy for DMD designed to improve muscle function and the quality of life. Received 18 December 2007; received after revision 9 January 2008; accepted 25 February 2008     

ARFI技术评价肝纤维化的应用研究

为研究声脉冲辐射力超声技术（acoustic radiation force impulse,ARFI）无创定量评价肝纤维化的应用价值。应用ARFI技术定量检测158例部分乙肝患者和志愿者的肝实质剪切波速度,同时所有的慢性乙肝患者均在ARFI检查后随访穿刺活检病理学检查结果。结果显示,研究显示sO与S1期的弹性参数没有明显的差异,但对于评价S2级以上程度的肝纤维化,ARFI技术均有较高的准确性,特别是对S4期肝纤维化,ROC曲线下面积达0．942,且超声弹性成像评分与肝纤维化病理学分期之间呈正相关（r=0．875,P=0．000）。由此可知,应用ARFI技术检测各期慢性乙肝肝纤维化横向剪切波速的佳截断值可能成为诊断肝纤维化各分期的重要依据。     

实验性肝纤维化形成机理研究进展

通过检索关于肝纤维化模型研究文献,从纤维化形成机理方面进行综述,为合理建立实验性肝纤维化模型提供参考依据.     

Connective tissue growth factor induces transformation of renal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is thought to be a specific mediator of TGF-β profibrogenic effect, but the role of CTGF in the transformation of renal fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, which are the most important host cells in the renal chronic fibrosis, is still unknown. Aimed at observing the biological effect of CTGF, we set up a cell line overexpressing CTGF, and analyzed the amount of myofibroblast and the level of extracellular matrix Collagen Ⅲ mRNA in cultured cells. Our results show that CTGF can directly induce myofibroblasts formation, and increase the level of Collagen Ⅲ mRNA. This suggests that CTGF may be a novel pharmacotherapeutical target protein for the interference with renal fibrosis, thus providing useful theoretic possibility for clinical prevention of chronic progression of kidney disease.     

猪血清免疫性肝纤维化大鼠细胞外基质变化及汉丹肝乐对其影响

目的研究汉丹肝乐抗大鼠免疫性肝纤维化的作用.方法猪血清腹腔内注射复制大鼠免疫损伤性肝纤维化模型,用汉丹肝乐治疗,研究肝脏细胞外基质的变化及中药汉丹肝乐对其的影响.结果模型组Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原及层粘蛋白的表达较正常组明显,汉丹肝乐治疗组Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原及层粘蛋白的表达明显较模型组轻,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论采用猪血清复制大鼠免疫性肝纤维化模型效果较为理想,汉丹肝乐能有效防治免疫损伤性肝纤维化.     

肝纤维化的血清学联合检测与B超诊断的对比

目的 :探讨血清透明质酸 (HA)、 型胶原 ( - C)联合检测对肝纤维化诊断的准确性。方法 :运用放射免疫法 (RIA)测定 98例慢性肝炎患者血清 HA、 - C水平 ,并与临床 B型超声检查结果进行对比研究。结果 :二项指标升高与肝纤维组织增生程度呈良好的正相关 (P<0 .0 1)。二项指标分别在慢性肝炎中型、慢性肝炎重型以及肝硬化中渐次升高 ,有显著差异 (P<0 .0 1)。同期 B超检查结果准确率不高。结论 :二项指标的联合检测在肝纤维化和早期肝硬化的诊断上较 B超检查准确、可靠。