Effects of ubiquitin-protea-some pathway on mouse sperm capacitation, acrosome reaction and in vitro fertilization

Chlortetracycline (CTC) fluorescence patterns were used to study changes in the patterns B and AR of mouse sperm after incubation with reagents that would block the UPP. They were the monoclonal antibody against ubiquitinated proteins-UCP1; the polyclonal antibody against ubiquitin anti-Ub, and a special inhibitor against proteasome ALLN. Furthermore, we treated the capacitated sperm or the eggs with these reagents separately and tested whether the normal in vitro fertilization was blocked or not. Results illustrate that UCP1, anti-Ub, and ALLN have little effects on sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction,but they do inhibit fusion of mouse sperm with eggs, which suggests that UPP play an important role in mouse in vitro fertilization.``     

Glycoconjugates in sperm function and gamete interactions: how much sugar does it take to sweet-talk the egg?

Glycoconjugates in the mammalian reproductive tract are critical components of the molecular mechanisms that control sperm maturation, sperm transport and gamete interactions. In the oviduct of many species, sperm transport and maturation are regulated by protein-carbohydrate interactions that form a sperm reservoir. Subsequently, gamete interactions are mediated by the binding of lectin-like sperm proteins with carbohydrate moieties on the zona pellucida. The sperm glycocalyx is extensively modified during sperm transport and maturation. Multiple functions have been proposed for this dense carbohydrate layer overlying the sperm plasmalemma, and sperm-surface carbohydrates have been implicated in immune-mediated human infertility. The structure and function of glycoconjugates in the oviductal sperm reservoir, the zona pellucida, and on the sperm surface are reviewed.     

佛山市城郊菜地土壤养分状况及对策

对佛山市城郊主要菜地土壤养分状况进行调查与分析。结果表明：菜地土壤酸化严重,碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量整体上处于较高水平,但是有机质含量普遍较低。说明佛山市城郊菜地施肥技术应该控制氮、磷、钾肥施用量,同时加大施用有机肥料,并增施石灰、壳灰等碱性物质来控制土壤酸化。     

Roles of protein kinase C in oocyte meiotic maturation and fertilization

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a superfamily of Ser/Thr protein kinases that is distributed widely in eukaryotes. It plays key regulatory roles at multiple steps of oocyte meiotic maturation and fertilization. During the process of meiotic maturation, the activation of PKC in cumulus cells stimulates meiotic maturation, whereas the activation of PKC in oocytes results in the inhibition of germinal vesicle breakdown. PKC activity increases following the meiotic maturation, and decreases at the transition of metaphase/anaphase in meiosis I, so as to facilitate the release of the first polar body and the entry of meiosis II. In fertilization of mammalian oocytes, PKC may act as one of the downstream targets of Ca2+ to stimulate the cortical granule exocytosis, release the oocytes from MII arrest and to induce pronucleus formation. PKC is also involved in the regulation of maturation promoting factor (MPF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Several PKC isoforms have been identified in mammalian oocytes, and there is evidence showing that classical PKCs may be the principal mediator of oocyte cortical reaction.     

几个猪卵母细胞体外培养和受精的影响

比较了卵母细胞采集方法(剖解法,抽吸法,机械破碎法)、卵母细胞体外成熟培养方法以及猪卵泡液(PFF)质量浓度对猪卵母细胞培养和体外受精的影响.结果表明:采取剖解法采集猪卵母细胞、在猪卵母细胞成熟培养液中添加10%的PFF为最佳方法.微滴法与平皿法两种培养方法对猪卵母细胞培养和体外受精的影响无显著差异.     

氮磷钾肥配施对西葫芦产量的影响

本文采用二次饱和D—最优设计方法,建立了西葫芦产量与氮、磷、钾肥用量间的回归模型,经检验证实该模型可充分反映它们之间的数量关系。通过模型解析知,磷肥对产量的影响大于氮肥大于钾肥,氮磷钾肥之间存在互作效应。通过计算机模拟试验,得出了本试验条件下高产方案的频率分布,求出了最高及最优产量。     

不同施肥处理对雷竹林土壤氮、磷渗漏流失的影响

为了解雷竹不同施肥水平对林地土壤氮、磷渗漏流失的影响,设置了4个施肥水平的定位试验,即不施肥、减量施肥(比常规施肥减量50%)、常规施肥(施肥量：尿素1 125.0 kg/hm2、复合肥2 250.0 kg/hm2)和增量施肥(比常规施肥增量50%),于2007年5至10月采集并分析渗漏水样。结果表明：雷竹林土壤渗漏水量的多少与降雨量的大小呈明显的线性关系(p<0.01)。随着施肥量的增加,雷竹林地土壤渗漏水中各形态氮、总磷含量明显提高,渗漏流失负荷也明显增多。5至9月渗漏水中各养分浓度逐渐下降,10月份则明显升高,这与渗漏流失量密切相关。减量、常规和超量施肥处理下,氮素淋失量分别占施肥量的4.22%、4.25%和4.54%,磷素淋失量分别占施肥量的1.07%、0.65%和0.56%。     

GIS,RS和GPS支持下的精确施肥理论技术及展望

以精确农业为背景，在分析了“土壤-作物-养分”间的复杂关系的基础上，概括了信息技术(RS，GIS，GPS)、生物技术、机械技术和化工技术支持下的精确施肥模型。详细阐述了以遥感(RS)技术支持为主体的土壤数据和作物营养实时数据采集技术；全球定位系统(GPS)支持下的空间数据采集和控制施肥技术；地理信息系统支持下的施肥综合决策系统。探讨了当前精确施肥技术理论的进步与不足，并为结合中国国情发展精确施肥作了探索。     

作物秸杆还田对土壤养分含量的影响

农业生产中大量使用化肥等造成利用率降低、环境污染严重。农作物秸秆中含有大量氮、磷、钾及其他微量元素。秸秆还田可以提高土壤有机质、改善土壤结构、增加土壤肥力,但不同作物品种不同产量水平条件下秸秆还田对土壤肥力产生的作用有所不同。通过两年试验得出棉花、小麦、玉米不同产量水平条件下的经济系数、秸杆还田量、秸杆养分还田量及秸杆还田后土壤养分含量的变化情况,为精准施肥、培肥地力提供理论依据。     

施肥对天然马尾松次生幼林针叶养分的影响

通过对天然次生马尾松幼林施肥样地针叶养分含量的定位研究。结果表明，施肥具有显著促进或抑制天然马尾松次生幼林针叶养分含量的作用，其中施用尿素能促进针叶养分含量的作用，其中施用尿素能促进针叶Ｎ的含量，也具有显著促进针叶Ｍｇ的量；施用过磷酸钙具有显著提高针叶Ｐ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ的含量；施用硫酸钾则具有提高针叶含Ｋ量的作用，同时也主要还是抑制针叶Ｍｇ的量。以Ｎ２、Ｐ２、Ｋ２以上水平处理具有较好效果。