两液相蒸馏系统筛型塔板的流动工况及其转变

以空气和油，水混合物为介质，在冷模塔内进行筛板上气，液，液三相流动的操作工况及其转变的研究。着重考察筛板上存在两个液相的气液接触状况。实验测定雾沫夹带率和板压降的变化规律，并以雾沫夹带率及板压降变化的转折点作为三相流动工况的转变点，以此作为筛板的操作工况转变的判。     

Rhythms of enzymatic activity in maternal and umbilical cord blood

The 24-h activity patterns of variouns enzymes were determined in human serum, red blood cells and white blood cells of maternal and umbilical cord blood. Blood was drawn from the brachial vein of mothers and from the umbilical cord within ten minutes after delivery. Corresponding blood specimens were obtained from 83 spontaneous labors, occurring at different hours over a period of 60 days. For each variable (variable=activity of a specific enzyme in one of the blood components) the results were grouped according to delivery hour, forming a 24-h pattern which was analyzed to elucidate time dependency. Five out of six corresponding maternal and fetal variables were similar with regard to pattern and peak time. The activity rhythms of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucose phosphate isomerase in red blood cells of mothers and fetuses possessed a significant bimodal pattern. The activity rhythms of the latter enzyme in white blood cells and sera exhibited a significant 24-h period. Hexosaminidase activity exhibited a distinct 24-h rhythm in maternal white blood cells, but no significant rhythm could be detected in the fetal white blood cells. The activity of hexosaminidase showed, identical 24-h patterns in maternal and cord serum when analyzed by best fit cosine, and no significant time-dependency when analyzed by ANOVA.     

Dust-cloud structures behind a shock wave moving over a deposited layer of fine particles

The present paper investigates dispersed-phase flow structures of a dust cloud induced by a normal shock wave moving at a constant speed over a flat surface deposited with fine particles. In the shock-fitted coordinates, the general equations of dusty-gas boundary layer flows are formulated within the framework of a multi-fluid model and parametric numerical studies of the carrier- and dispersed-phase flow fields are performed. The problem associated with crossing particle trajectories and the formation of local particle accumulation regions are solved by using the full Lagrangian method for the dispersed phase. The basic features of the near-wall two-phase flow under consideration including the role of Saffman force in the particle entrainment and the development of discontinuities or singularities in the particle density profiles are discussed. The effects associated with account of the non-uniformity of particle size and the finiteness of the particle Knudsen numbers are studied in detail.     

对流边界层顶部夹卷速度参数化的模拟研究

提出一个关于夹卷速度的新参数化方案，即混合层顶部夹卷速度W。可由对流边界层特征量W*、θ*、zi及覆盖逆温强度δθ^ /δz确定，对流槽实验模拟的测量结果证实了该参数化方案的合理性，并由实验数据拟合得出了参数化方案中的系数。数值模拟结果表明此方案可直接预报对流边界层高度zi，并能很好地预报出zi的变化过程，具有很强的实用性。     

亚临界气体喷射器的设计计算

计算气体压缩喷射器可达到喷射系数的研究已很成熟，但对亚临界气体喷射器可达到喷射系数，大多采用气体喷射压缩器的方法进行计算。针对亚临界气体喷射器的特性，给出了3种计算方法：气体喷射压缩器计算方法；喷射泵计算方法；气体喷射器计算方法。研究表明：对膨胀比和压缩比都小于临界压力比的亚临界气体喷射器，膨胀比较大时，工作介质的弹性影响不能忽略；压缩比较小时，引射介质的弹性影响应该忽略；进而得出在膨胀比和压缩比都接近临界压力比时，适宜采用把工作介质视为弹性，引射介质视为非弹性的气体喷射器计算方法：而在膨胀比和压缩比都非常小且接近于1时，应该采用把工作介质和引射介质都视为非弹性的喷射泵计算方法。     

基于CFD模拟的喷射泵操作参数对泵抽气性能的影响

通过CFD方法讨论了不同操作参数对喷射泵内部流体的流动特性及泵抽气性能的影响.随着工作蒸汽压力的增加,在壅塞位置处,被抽气体过流面积变化减小,马赫数、引射系数升高,喷射泵的抽气性能增强.当工作蒸汽压力过高时,由于膨胀核的增大,被抽气体的过流面积减小,引射系数显著下降.随着引射蒸汽压力的增加,壅塞和激波向下游移动,泵抽气性能增强.此外,引射系数随着背压的增加而减小,当背压过高时,返流现象明显,泵的抽气性能急剧下降直至失效.研究结果表明,操作参数的选择不仅能提高喷射泵的抽气效率和极限排气能力,也极大地提高了喷射制冷系统的制冷效率,降低了能源的消耗.     

蒸汽喷射器用双喷嘴结构性能的数值研究

运用CFD数值模拟的方法研究了第二喷嘴进出口截面大小对喷射效率的影响,并对比研究了不同工作流体压力下普通喷嘴结构和双喷嘴结构对蒸汽喷射器操作性能的影响.计算结果表明,在相同的操作条件下,双喷嘴结构能有效地提高喷射器的喷射系数.同时,第二喷嘴进出口截面以及第二喷嘴出口长度存在一最佳值,对应于最大喷射系数.并且这种喷嘴结构能有效改善由于工作流体压力降低而造成的设备操作性能恶化,提高蒸汽喷射器运行的稳定性.     

泄水建筑物水流掺气复氧数值模拟

为了深入地认识泄水建筑物掺气水流的复氧过程,该文应用水气两相流混合模型计算了包括水垫塘在内的泄水建筑物水体的掺气浓度、流速、紊动粘性系数等特征参数。应用气泡界面传质理论建立了掺气水流的溶解氧对流扩散方程。不同试验工况的结果验证了掺气复氧数学模型的合理性和可靠性,表明该模型符合坝身泄流的特点,充分体现了过坝水流对大气的卷吸与紊动混掺。     

新型导向筛板-浮阀复合塔板的流体力学性能研究

在内径为 Φ600 mm 的有机玻璃塔内,以空气-水为物系,对一种新型复合塔板——导向筛板-浮阀复合塔板进行了冷膜实验,对开孔率基本相近、浮阀个数不同的复合塔板的流体力学性能进行了测试,测定了不同条件下塔板压降、雾沫夹带、漏液等流体力学参数,研究了在开孔率相近的情况下,浮阀个数不同对复合塔板性能的影响。根据实验结果,回归得到了导向筛板-浮阀塔板的干板压降的计算公式 ΔP_d = au₀² + b 和湿板压降的计算公式 ΔP_T = aF₀^bL_W^c,并分析了雾沫夹带和漏液量随筛孔气速和液流强度的变化关系,获得了新型导向筛板-浮阀塔板的设计参数和依据。     

出租车燃气行为的博弈模型分析

以出租车燃气行为选择为背景，通过建立博弈模型，将这个多人博弈问题转化为两人博弈问题．分析了出租车个体针时其余所有个体的最佳反应行为，讨论了不同条件下整个群体的博弈结果．当政府时出租车的激励及运行成本差额之和还不足以抵消加气的等待成本时，在一次博弈中出租车选择加油就构成一个纳什均衡，反之选择加气．为政府结合实际情况有效制定政策提供了一定的参考依据．