超临界CO_2脱卵黄油及卵黄磷脂提取的研究

对超临界CO_2流体萃取卵黄磷脂及其机制进行了研究,超临界CO_2在丙酮和瓷粉作用下,在35MPa、40℃条件下萃取3h,可脱除蛋黄粉中98.6％的卵黄油。在40MPa、50℃条件下,用10wt％乙醇夹带,卵黄中磷脂的提取率最高,为27.28％。     

矛锐盾固是取胜之道--浅析八一女排与天津女排冠军决战

本文试从八一女排与天津女排争夺步步高复读机杯全国女排联赛冠军的比赛中双方的得与失，分析的探讨排球比赛中矛与盾的相互关系。     

防卫行动指挥训练模拟系统研究

反恐斗争是一种特殊的军事斗争形式,是当前军事训练领域的一个重要内容。为满足国内城市“反恐、防恐”的需要,满足驻城部队军官指挥行动训练的需求,我们研制了防卫行动指挥训练模拟系统。首先介绍了该训练模拟系统要达到的总体战技指标、实现的主要功能,然后给出具体实现的硬件构成和各相应的模块子系统、各个分系统的相互关系,以及电台模拟与实时语音通信技术,最后介绍了系统研制过程当中所采用的关键技术。该系统在某装甲步兵分队应用后,反映效果较好、收效明显,对驻城区部队的“反恐”训练具有很强的推动作用。     

基于遗传算法的目标优化研究

根据快防空作战的节奏、强对抗、多批次入侵特点，提出了武器目标分配模型．并通过分析遗传算法的原理解决武器目标分配的问题．用MATLAB语言进行优化设计，具有语言简单、函数丰富、用法比较灵活、编程效率高等特点．经过仿真验证，该方法可行且有效．     

On the natural history of the South American pepper frog,Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Some species of Leptodactylus of the L. pentadactylus group lay their eggs outside water but the tadpoles need to reach water to complete the larval phase; other species complete development in terrestrial nests. Here we present details of the reproduction of L. labyrinthicus in south‐eastern Brazil. The proportion of tadpoles and trophic eggs in aged egg clutches was determined, as well as the growth of the tadpoles while in the nest. The gut contents of tadpoles that were in egg clutches of frogs were analysed. Adult males did not differ from females in size and had hypertrophied forearms and an enlarged spine on the thumb. Reproduction was initiated with the first rains of August/September and extended to mid‐January. Calling and spawning occurred at permanent or temporary water bodies. The foam nests were built in excavated basins outside of, but close to the water. The male determined the place of the basin construction; after amplexus, the female completed the excavation. The amplexus was axillary. One female spent the day after spawning in the foam. The eggs were pale grey, the yolk averaging 2.3?mm in diameter. The mean number of eggs was 2101 per egg clutch. The number of tadpoles in individual nests varied between 0.05% and 11.40% in relation to the total laid eggs. The tadpoles entered water when rains flooded the basin. The tadpoles grew to 12 times the weight of an individual egg while in the nest; no nesting tadpole was beyond stage 25. The longest time we followed tadpoles in a nest was 25 days. Tadpoles were found preying upon eggs of three other frog species and upon conspecific eggs. Males fought by grasping each other in a belly‐to‐belly position; the powerful arms and the thumb spines represent weapons. Even though males can reach maturity in the season following birth, small size would prevent them from establishing their own territory. All the species of the L. pentadactylus group may build their foam nests within excavated basins. The basins may protect the eggs and embryos from cannibalistic tadpoles and may have an anti‐desiccation effect. In order to produce trophic eggs, the female may delay laying additional unfertilized eggs until after the male has abandoned the foam nest. Anuran eggs represent an important food item for tadpoles after they leave the nest.     

The pre-overwintering nests and the immature stages of the hornet Vespa fumida van der Vecht (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

The pre-overwintering nest structure and the immature stages of the hornet Vespa fumida van der Vecht are for the first time reported. All three adult forms (queen, worker and drone) are briefly described. The eggs have many micropyles concentrated at the larger end of the egg. The mature larvae can be identified by having the ecdysial sulcus obliterated ventrally; the parietal band distinctly margined ventrally on the outer side; the palate with a median patch and a pair of dorsal patches; the collar processes of the spiracle long and thick, with many branches over almost all the surface. Morphology and distribution of the different types of sensilla (setae, conical papillae, campaniform sensilla, basiconic sensilla, etc.) and the spicules are illustrated in detail. Close relationship between the Vespa affinis-group and V. fumida previously suggested by adult morphology is briefly discussed in terms of the morphology of the mature larvae.     

加快推进国防和军队现代化

为贯彻落实党的十八大报告提出的“加快推进国防和军队现代化”的任务要求，文中提出，一是要深刻认识加快推进国防和军队现代化的成就基础，二是要准确把握加快推进国防和军队现代化的新思想新要求新任务，三是要从进一步加强思想政治建设，切实加快转变战斗力生成模式，坚持不懈地拓展和深化军事斗争准备，大力发展新型作战力量等方面入手，加快推进国防和军队现代化的步伐。     

基于R＆D成本补偿的国防采购激励机制研究

建立一套合适的激励机制可以极大地节约国防采购的成本、提高资源的利用效率．研究国防采购中的激励机制，着重探讨国防采购的重要阶段——厂商从事国防项目的研究与发展阶段，军方可以采取的激励机制．得出了为了提高厂商效用、降低厂商从事国防研究与发展的风险，军方必须对厂商的研究与发展进行一定比例的补贴，给出了能使厂商按照军方所期望的规模对国防项目的研究与发展进行投资的最优补偿比率．文中结论表明：军方的补偿比率和从事国防项目的研究与发展的厂商数、项目的期望利润以及军方期望的研究与发展的投资规模有关．     

边防管理工作中的信息交流及其障碍排除

边防管理工作是对有关人和事务的一种特殊的管理，所以离不开及时、畅通的信息交流。阐述了边防管理工作中的人际信息交流、组织信息交流和大众信息交流3种信息交流的基本类型，分析了信息交流的主要障碍，并提出了相应的改进措施。     

论正当防卫

通过对正当防卫的概念、历史、特征等法律问题进行评析,并阐述正当防卫的必要限度,从而提出关于正当防卫在司法实践中如何正确运用的相关问题,且对正当防卫制度的完善提出了自己的观点。