Dopamine synthesis in rat striatum: Mobilization of tyrosine from non-dopaminergic cells

Summary Unilateral nigrostriatal lesions in rats that almost totally depleted striatal dopamine had no effect on striatal levels of dopamine's precursor, tyrosine, nor on those of leucine. Since prolonged electrical stimulation of the slices markedly depletes them of tyrosine (1, 2) we conclude that tyrosine can be mobilized from non-dopaminergic striatal cells to augment dopamine release.     

The pharmacology of Parkinson's disease: Basic aspects and recent advances

Summary Basic aspects and recent advances in the understanding of the pharmacological mechanism of action of the clinically most used antiparkinson drugs are reviewed. Recent human and animal biochemical investigations clearly confirm and extend previous findings indicating that benserazide is much more potent than carbidopa as peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor. L-DOPA in combination with benserazide or carbidopa constitutes the best available therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). To reduce peaks and rapid fluctuations of L-DOPA plasma levels (possibly responsible for peak-dose dyskinesias and end-of-dose deterioration) a slow-release formulation of L-DOPA in combination with benserazide or with benserazide plus catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors should be developed. In parkinsonian patients under long-term L-DOPA therapy monoamine oxidase inhibitors type B (MAO-B) e.g. (–)-deprenyl and firect dopamine receptor agonists (bromocriptine, lisuride, pergolide etc.), due to their L-DOPA-sparing effects, alleviate in some cases L-DOPA-induced side-effects e.g. dyskinesias and on-off phenomena. However, since (–)-deprenylm, due to its metabolism to (–)methamphetamine and (–)amphetamine, seem to have indirect sympathomimetic activity, new selective MAO-B inhibitors devoid of indirect sympathomimetic effects should be tested clinically to assess the functional role of pure MAO-B inhibition in the therapy of PD. The auxiliary therapy with direct dopmaine receptor agonists of the D-2 subtype represents another valid approach which should be further investigated in order to find novel dopamine agonists, less expensive than bromocriptine and strictly selective for D-2 receptor sites.     

Stress by restraining potentiates morphine catalepsy in rats

Summary Restraint-induced stress potentiated morphine catalepsy in rats. This potentiation was partially antagonized by pharmacologic treatments decreasing central serotonin, acetylcholine, prostaglandins and by naloxone. Selective increase in central dopamine also inhibited the potentiation.Acknowledgments. SKB is an ECFMG Senior Faculty Fellow from the Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Partial research support by the Dakota State Aerie Fraternal Order of Eagles is gratefully acknowledged.     

眶额叶区多巴胺对胃运动的影响及其机制研究

通过大鼠眶额叶微量注射给药,记录胃内压(Intragastric pressure,IGP),观察胃运动变化的方法,研究了眶额叶多巴胺(dopamine,DA)对胃运动调节的神经机制.结果显示,眶额叶注射DA10μg,胃内压显著升高;眶额叶单独注射DA D1受体阻断剂SCH 2μg(SCH23390,SCH),胃内压降低.眶额叶注射SCH 2μg,能阻断DA升高胃内压的作用;眶额叶注射利陪酮(Risperidon)2μg,可升高胃内压,增强胃运动.但利陪酮却不能阻断DA升高胃内压的作用;切断双侧膈下迷走神经,眶额叶注射DA增加胃内压的作用被消除.以上各组中胃收缩频率均无明显变化.实验结果表明,眶额叶内DA能增大胃内压,增强胃运动,DA对胃内压及胃运动的增强作用主要是通过D1受体介导,经过迷走神经传出.     

苯基哌嗪类多巴胺D3受体配体的合成

以二羟乙基胺为起始原料,经过氯化、环合、取代、肼解、缩合等反应,合成了6个苯基哌嗪类多巴胺D3受体配体.结构经红外(IR)、质谱(MS)、核磁氢谱(1HNMR)和元素分析(EA)确证,合成的6个目标化合物均未见文献报道.并以BP897为阳性药,对所合成的化合物进行了初步药理实验研究.     

聚亚甲蓝修饰碳纤维微电极同时测定多巴胺和抗坏血酸

研究了聚亚甲蓝修饰碳纤维微电极同时测定多巴胺和抗坏血酸的分析方法 ,在该修饰电极上 ,多巴胺和抗坏血酸均具有高的灵敏度 ,并且在电极反应过程中不沾污电极 ,重现性好 ,测定过程无需除氧 ,这对于生物活体在线检测是一个非常重要的条件     

The biologically active conformation of ergot alkaloids

Summary Molecular mechanics and NMR studies of the D ring conformation of ergot alkaloids demonstrate that both D₁ and D₂ forms may exist in solution. The comparison of the geometric parameters defining the spatial relations between the aromatic moieties and the basic nitrogen of conformationally restricted dopamine analogs, and that of ergolene, shows the D₁ conformation to be the bioactive one.     

Effects of selective dopamine D1 and D2 antagonists on male rat sexual behavior

Summary The effects of selective dopamine (DA) D₁ and D₂ antagonists on male rat sexual behavior were investigated. The D₁ antagonist (+)SCH-23390, 25–100 g kg^–1 s.c. –20 min, and the D₂ antagonist raclopride, 0.1–1.6 mg kg^–1 s.c., –20 min, decreased both the number of mounts and intromissions preceding ejaculation. No statistically significant effects in the time up to ejaculation or in the time up to the first intromission were noted, whereas both compounds produced a statistically significant increase in the post-ejaculatory interval. The effect can generally be characterized as psychomotor inhibition, and no evidence was obtained for a specific role of DA D₁ or D₂ receptors in the mediation of male rat sexual behavior.The expert technical assistance of Ms Elisabeth Wallin is gratefully acknowledged. The figures were skilfully prepared by Ms Madelene Kröning at the Department of Psychology. This study received support from the Bank of Sweden tercentenary Foundation, The Swedish MRC and Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren Foundation.     

基于碳纳米笼直接修饰电极的多巴胺电化学传感器

采用模板法制备了直径约100 nm的碳纳米笼(CNCs),透射电镜表征表明制备的CNCs呈空心笼状结构.利用滴涂法将CNCs直接修饰在玻碳电极(GCE)表面,构建了多巴胺电化学传感器(CNCs/GCE).研究表明,CNCs/GCE对多巴胺的电化学氧化具有良好的催化性.最优实验条件下,CNCs/GCE对多巴胺检测的线性范围是8×10~(-8)~2×10~(-4)mol/L,检出限为6×10~(-9)mol/L(S/N=3).结果表明,该多巴胺电化学传感器具有良好的稳定性、重现性和选择性,用于实际样品多巴胺注射液中多巴胺含量的测定,结果令人满意.