Human mitochondrial tRNAs in health and disease

The human mitochondrial genome encodes 13 proteins, all subunits of the respiratory chain complexes and thus involved in energy metabolism. These genes are translated by 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), also encoded by the mitochondrial genome, which form the minimal set required for reading all codons. Human mitochondrial tRNAs gained interest with the rapid discovery of correlations between point mutations in their genes and various neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, emerging fundamental knowledge on the structure/function relationships of these particular tRNAs and an overview of the large variety of mechanisms within translation, affected by mutations, are summarized. Also, initial results on wide-ranging molecular consequences of mutations outside the frame of mitochondrial translation are highlighted. While knowledge of mitochondrial tRNAs in both health and disease increases, deciphering the intricate network of events leading different genotypes to the variety of phenotypes requires further investigation using adapted model systems.Received 3 December 2002; received after revision 14 January 2003; accepted 27 January 2003     

基于自适应混合变异进化策略的神经模糊系统及应用研究

针对现存神经模糊系统中存在的问题,提出了基于自适应混合变异进化策略的神经模糊系统采用改进的最近邻域聚类算法对输入空间进行模糊聚类,确定模糊规则数以及模糊规则前件,这样做精简了模糊规则,不会因输入变量的增加而造成"维数灾难”;采用自适应混合进化策略确定模糊规则的后件,明显提高了算法的收敛速度和精度.将本文提出的基于自适应进化策略的神经模糊系统用于某炼油厂航煤干点的软测量建模,结果表明,该系统具有结构简单、建模精度高、泛化能力强等优点.     

集成粒子群优化算法在电网规划中的应用

电网规划是一个大规模、复杂的、具有非线性离散变量和多约束的多目标数学优化问题。在优化过程中,考虑了投资费用、可靠性和对环境的影响等三个因素。提出将模拟退火优化方法嵌入粒子群优化算法中,以此构建集成粒子群优化算法。在搜索过程中还加入变异操作来增加种群多样性,以避免早熟收敛。局部搜索增加了算法的开发能力,而变异操作提高了算法的探测能力。探测与开发能力的平衡,通过两个阈值来实现。通过对一220kv电力传输系统的实例研究表明,集成粒子群优化算法局部搜索能力有显著提高。     

妥布霉素高产菌的诱变育种

以黑暗链霉菌HA-1为出发菌株,应用紫外线诱变和紫外线复合吖啶噔诱变并结合自身产物梯度平板筛选的方法获得两株高产菌株UZ-90和UAZ-121.它们的总效价分别比出发菌株提高了60%和80%;产物中妥布霉素的含量分别比出发菌株提高了26%和35%.     

庆大霉素高产菌株的抗性方法选育

以生产菌株绛红小单孢菌为出发株,应用N 离子注入及紫外线诱变技术,利用高浓度的庆大霉素梯度平板筛选,或配合含有高浓度庆大霉素的液体培养基的生态驯化,筛选到摇瓶效价分别比出发株提高75.2%和70.1%的N08和Wt63两个高产菌株,10 L发酵罐发酵产量分别达2 118 u/mL和1 843 u/mL,C组分含量符合中国药典2000版的规定.     

Glu101对保持中心蛋白正常构象作用的研究——光谱法研究稀土离子与八肋游仆虫中心蛋白作用对蛋白构象的影响

通过位点直接突变法将八肋游仆虫中心蛋白101位保守的Glu突变成Lys,得到突变蛋白E101K.利用疏水性探针TN S研究了突变对Tb^3＋与蛋白作用时蛋白构象变化的影响.结果表明,相对于钙饱和的蛋白,铽的饱和对蛋白构象变化的影响更大.同时,共振光散射研究表明,Glu101对保持蛋白适当的构象变化行为起着至关重要的作用.     

Neuroglobin mutation associated with hypoxia adaptation in Tibet chicken

Globin protein family plays an important role in storing and transporting oxygen. As a newly reported globin, the revealed function of neuroglobin includes binding and storing oxygen as well as facilitating the utilization of oxygen in neuronal cells. In the present study, mutations in exons of chicken Ngb gene were identified with the method of sequencing and created restriction site PCR in Tibet chicken and other four lowland chicken breeds. The mutations of Lys-2224(E4)-Asn and Ser-2279(E4)-Gly were identified in exon 4 of the gene. The Lys-2224(E4)-Asn mutation existed only in Tibet chicken and the mutation frequencies increased with increasing altitude. Analysis of the haplotype and diplotype of the two mutations in Tibet chicken populations of different altitudes showed that the frequencies of TG haplotype and TTGG diplotype also increased with increasing altitude, while the reverse tendency was found on GGAA diplotype. Under the hypoxic simulation incubation, the main haplotype was TG in living embryos and GA in dead embryos. The results showed that the Lys-2224(E4)-Asn mutation may be a specific mutation associated with hypoxia adaptation in Tibet chicken.     

Neuroglobin mutation associated with hypoxia adaptation in Tibet chicken

Globin protein family plays an important role in storing and transporting oxygen. As a newly reported globin, the revealed function of neuroglobin includes binding and storing oxygen as well as facilitating the utilization of oxygen in neuronal cells. In the present study, mutations in exons of chicken Ngb gene were identified with the method of sequencing and created restriction site PCR in Tibet chicken and other four lowland chicken breeds. The mutations of Lys-2224(E4)-Asn and Ser-2279(E4)-Gly were identified in exon 4 of the gene. The Lys-2224(E4)-Asn mutation existed only in Tibet chicken and the mutation frequencies increased with increasing altitude. Analysis of the haplotype and diplotype of the two mutations in Tibet chicken populations of different altitudes showed that the frequencies of TG haplotype and TTGG diplotype also increased with increasing altitude, while the reverse tendency was found on GGAA diplotype. Under the hypoxic simulation incubation, the main haplotype was TG in living embryos and GA in dead embryos. The results showed that the Lys-2224(E4)-Asn mutation may be a specific mutation associated with hypoxia adaptation in Tibet chicken.     

大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂SBTi—A2新类型Ti^d突变位点的初步研究

纯化的大豆胰蛋白酶抑制下Ｔｉ＾ａ和Ｔｉ＾ｄ分别经烷基化，ＣＮＢｒ裂解，痛ＰＡＧＥ电泳，Ｔｒｉｃｉｎｅ／ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳分析，初步证明了Ｔｉ＾ｄ的突变位点发生在蛋白Ｎ端１－８４氨基酸残基上。     

浅谈在材料力学教学中准确绘制内力图的技巧

总结材料力学中内力图的简单、易学、快速、准确的绘制方法,重点谈谈如何突破学生在绘图过程中的困难之处,以提高学生的学习兴趣和课堂教学效果。