甲醇溶剂环境下两种稳定构象α-丙氨酸分子的手性转变机理

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法、微扰理论的MP2方法和自洽反应场(SCRF)理论的smd模型方法,研究了标题反应.势能面计算表明:标题反应的决速步骤均为第2基元反应,决速步能垒来自于质子从手性碳向氨基氮转移的过渡态.甲醇溶剂环境下构象1和2手性转变决速步的吉布斯自由能垒分别为109.8 kJ·mol~(-1)和111.0 kJ·mol~(-1),比气相甲醇环境下的决速步能垒134.2 kJ·mol~(-1)和130.8 kJ·mol~(-1)均有明显降低,比水环境下的决速步能垒122.5 kJ·mol~(-1)也明显降低,比裸环境下的决速步能垒266.1 kJ·mol~(-1)大幅降低,比限域在SWBNNT(5,5)内的决速步能垒为201.1 kJ·mol~(-1)也显著降低.结果表明:甲醇分子簇对α-丙氨酸分子的手性转变具有明显的催化作用,甲醇溶剂效应对质子从手性碳向氨基氮的转移反应具有较好的助催化作用.     

四元Heusler合金Co_2V_(1-x)Cr_xAl的电子结构、磁性及半金属性研究

利用第一性原理计算方法,研究了L2_1型Heusler合金Co_2V_(1-x)Cr_xAl(x=0、0.25、0.5、0.75、1)的磁性、电子结构、半金属性及四方变形等。结果表明,随着Cr掺杂浓度的提高,合金总磁矩主要由Co的d电子贡献,总磁矩线性升高,符合Slater-Pauling规则,晶格常数线性减小,符合Vegard定律;此外,随着x的增加,费米面从临近导带底向靠近价带顶移动,能隙宽度增加,当x0.25时,合金具有半金属性。Co_2V_(0.5)Cr_(0.5)Al合金由于费米面位于自旋向下带带隙中部,抗原子无序能力强,在整个合金系列中半金属稳定性最佳,且在四方变形研究中,当c/a在0.92~1.07范围内时,该合金仍能保持稳定的半金属性。     

PSF and CMF,autocrine factors that regulate gene expression during growth and early development ofDictyostelium

Throughout growth and development,Dictyostelium cells secrete autocrine factors that accumulate in proportion to cell density. At sufficient concentration, these factors cause changes in gene expression. VegetativeDictyostelium cells continuously secrete prestarvation factor (PSF). The bacteria upon which the cells feed inhibit their response to PSF, allowing the cells to monitor their own density in relation to that of their food supply. At high PSF/bacteria ratios, which occur during late exponential growth, PSF induces the expression of several genes whose products are needed for cell aggregation. When the food supply has been depleted, PSF production declines, and a second density-sensing pathway is activated. Starving cells secrete conditioned medium factor (CMF), a glycoprotein of Mr 80 kDa that is essential for the development of differentiated cell types. Antisense mutagenesis has shown that cells lacking CMF cannot aggregate, and preliminary data suggest that CMF regulates cAMP signal transduction. Calculations indicate that a mechanism of simultaneously secreting and recognizing a signal molecule, as used byDictyostelium to monitor cell density, could also be used to determine the total number of cells in a tissue.     

空腔辐射中辐射压强与辐射能量密度之间关系

统计物理学中,在推导空腔辐射的u（T）=αT^4公式和求辐射场的熵公式时,两次都用到了辐射压强与辐射能量密度两者之间的关系.本文从能量守恒的角度对两者之间的关系进行分析和推证.     

破碎性煤层段钻井液安全密度窗口的确定与应用

破碎性煤层段钻进过程中井壁坍塌、掉块严重,常规模型计算所得的坍塌压力当量密度难以较好地支撑煤层段井壁。依据破碎性煤岩的特征,系统分析了破碎性煤层段井壁失稳的机理,重新界定了破碎性煤层段的钻井液安全密度窗口。计算结果表明进入破碎性煤层段后钻井液安全密度窗口明显变窄。利用该模型对D2井三开破碎性煤层段的钻井液安全密度窗口进行了预测,理论计算结果和实钻情况基本吻合,验证了模型的合理性。研究成果对类似井段的井壁稳定性研究有借鉴意义。     

Electronic structure, chemical bond and thermal stability of hydrogen absorber Li2MgN2H2

The lowest total energy crystal structure of Li₂MgN₂H₂ was identified by the first principle calculation with RPBE exchange-correlation function. Furthermore, the fine structure parameters of this crystal structure were calculated with PBE and PW91 exchange-correlation function. In a further step, the density of states, electron density, charge density difference on (0 0 1) plane and heat of formation of Li₂MgN₂H₂ hydrogenation were computed with PW91 exchange-correlation function. Consequently, the electronic structures and chemical bonds in this compound were analyzed and discussed, and then the thermodynamic character of Li₂MgN₂H₂ for hydrogen storage was evacuated.     

Ag掺杂对TiO_2性质影响的第一性原理研究

采用Ag原子对锐钛矿型TiO2半导体进行掺杂,利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究了Ag掺杂TiO2的晶体结构和能带结构.计算表明,Ag掺杂导致TiO2电子局域能级的出现及禁带变窄,从而导致吸收光谱红移.同时对Ag、Cu这两种同族原子进行掺杂比较,结果证明,用Ag原子对锐钛矿型TiO2进行掺杂在提高光催化性能方面效果更好.     

利用循环谱和参数统计的数字调制信号识别

该文利用决策理论识别常用数字信号调制方式. 该识别方法基于接收信号的循环谱和参数统计法,采用谱相关测量的频率平滑法分析数字信号在循环频率轴上的特征谱,运用参数统计法提取统计参数,用于数字调制信号识别. 最后利用决策理论,给出信号识别流程图及判决门限. 实验表明,在信噪比为5 dB的条件下,对预期调制信号2ASK, 4ASK, 2FSK, 4FSK, 4PSK, 8PSK的识别率可达90%, 说明该方法在低信噪比下识别效果良好.     

N5H5的结构性能的量子化学研究

采用了密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-311++G**基组上对N5H5异构体进行了理论计算,得到7种稳定构型,应用自然键轨道理论(NBO)和分子中的原子理论(AIM)分析了这些异构体的成键特征、相对稳定性. N-N键的键长与键临界点的电荷密度存在线性关系,键临界点的电荷密度ρ越大,N-N键的键长就越短. N原子孤对电子与相邻的氮氮键之间的相互作用是影响氮氮键长变化的主要因素. 立体交换排斥能和离域化能是影响异构体相对稳定性的重要因素. G3MP2计算结果表明所有异构体的生成热均为正,环状异构体的能量和生成热高     

小议“有高森林火险气象等级”

“有高森林火险气象等级”的表述有欠严密、简练,也不符合天气预报节目口语化的表述风格,文章分析了其中的原因并提出了合理可行的建议。