Deep cleaning of a metallurgical zinc leaching residue and recovery of valuable metals

Huge quantities of zinc leaching residues (ZLRs) generated from zinc production are dumped continuously around the world and pose a potential environmental threat because of their considerable amounts of entrained heavy metals (mainly lead). Most ZLRs have not been properly treated and the valuable metals in them have not yet been effectively recovered. Herein, the deep cleaning of a ZLR and recovery of valuable metals via a hydrometallurgical route were investigated. The cleaning process consists of two essential stages:acid leaching followed by calcium chloride leaching. The optimum conditions for extracting zinc, copper, and indium by acid leaching were a sulfuric acid concentration of 200 g·L-1, a liquid/solid ratio of 4:1 (mL/g), a leaching time of 2 h, and a temperature of 90℃. For lead and silver extractions, the optimum conditions were a calcium chloride concentration of 400 g·L-1, a pH value of 1.0, a leaching time of 1 h, and a temperature of 30℃. After calcium chloride leaching, silver and lead were extracted out and the lead was finally recovered as electrolytic lead by electrowinning. The anglesite phase, which poses the greatest potential environmental hazard, was removed from the ZLR after deep cleaning, thus reducing the cost of environmental management of ZLRs. The treatment of chlorine and spent electrolyte generated in the process was discussed.     

面向同源蛋白质探测的一种新型混合深度学习模型

根据蛋白质氨基酸链探测其同源蛋白质,进而预测蛋白质的功能,是生物信息学研究领域的一个重要挑战,也是众多生物医学研究领域的基础研究内容,有着重要的科研价值和广泛的应用需求。其研究难点在于:(1)如何学习对同源蛋白质预测有效、有用的蛋白质特征信息;(2)如何更好地运用蛋白质特征信息,实现同源蛋白质的探测与识别。为了解决同源蛋白质探测与识别研究中的关键难点,本文提出一种基于混合深度学习架构的同源蛋白质探测与识别模型(HDLM-PHP)。通过采用统一的"管道式"深度学习架构,将蛋白质特征学习和探测识别统一为一个整体,提高同源蛋白质探测与识别的效能。采用多组并行的深度卷积神经网络,学习蛋白质的各种属性信息,以期获得丰富的待检测蛋白质和靶蛋白质的高级相关性特征,并通过全连接方式使用多层RBM结构融合和精炼这些相关性特征为全局相关性特征。通过统一的深度网络连接方式,以探测和识别任务为导向,学习到对于同源蛋白质预测最有效、最全面的蛋白质特征信息。在标准数据集SCOPe上,对所提模型进行性能与效率评测,结果表明:本文提出的模型能有效地学习到符合任务导向的蛋白质特征数据,提升同源蛋白质探测与识别的准确度和召回率,优于现有的模型和算法。     

回采过断层采用深孔爆破技术的研究

介绍了3807回采工作面的地质构造情况,论述了采用深孔爆破技术解决回采工作面过断层的工艺,指出该工艺技术对于生产条件较差、岩石较多的回采工作面提高单产具有很好的借鉴作用。     

紧邻地铁站的超大深基坑逆作法变形规律研究

某超大深基坑紧邻城市2条地铁线交汇处的换乘站,周围环境复杂,基坑施工难度大,因此基坑支护结构施工顺利及对相邻地铁站的变形控制成为工程成败的关键。文章结合基坑工程2种施工方案,利用有限元软件MIDAS GTS建立三维有限元模型,研究了基坑盖挖逆作法施工对地表沉降、支护结构和相邻地铁站的变形和受力影响,得出影响逆作法施工的相关因素,并提出相关解决措施与建议。采用盖挖逆作法施工能够较好地控制基坑支护结构的变形,同时减小对地表和地铁站的影响。综合考虑基坑施工对围护结构、地表和地铁换乘站的影响,首层土体暗挖法要优于明挖法,但是暗挖法对围护结构强度和刚度要求高,特别是楼板临时洞口处。所得相关结论和建议可供设计和施工参考。     

基于卷积ADMM网络的高效结构化稀疏ISAR成像方法

结构化稀疏逆合成孔径雷达(inverse synthetic aperture radar, ISAR)成像是空间态势感知与目标识别的重要手段。该问题可通过压缩感知(compressive sensing, CS)方法解决。目前, 许多传统CS方法仍存在运算效率低、参数适应性不强等问题。针对该问题, 本文提出了一种基于卷积交替方向乘子法网络(convolutional alternating direction method of multipliers network, C-ADMMN)的结构化稀疏ISAR成像方法。利用深度展开方法, 结合传统结构化稀疏ISAR成像模型, 构建C-ADMMN网络。通过监督学习, C-ADMMN仅需约10层网络便可达到传统方法上百次迭代的效果, 具有较高的运算效率且对不同目标具有一定适应性。基于仿真与实测数据的实验结果验证了网络的高效性与参数适应性。     

基于三导向条结构的枪钻深孔加工动力学分析及圆度误差优化

为了改善深孔加工的圆度形貌,依据枪钻深孔结构与加工中的实际受力情况,结合导向块对提高孔加工圆度形貌所起到的作用,设计出具有三个导向块的优化结构。在保证计算精度的前提下,通过有限元分析法及力学模型的特征矩阵推算出深孔加工过程中出现圆度误差的数学表达,并通过数值仿真分析与实验研究,对比分析了两导向块结构和三导向块结构枪钻在相同的加工条件下圆度误差形成的情况。计算结果表明,三导向块结构的枪钻加工孔的圆度误差更小。可见,三导向块结构可以有效降低圆度形貌变形的出现,提高加工质量。     

高地应力区深埋隧道三维应力场数值模拟

结合高地应力区某深埋隧道工程,通过三维弹塑性有限元数值模拟,分析隧道掌子面推进过程中的围岩空间应力场状态和演化趋势.结果表明:当掌子面接近和通过某一断面时,围岩主应力大小和方向发生相应的变化.隧道开挖对平面σx、σy的主要影响范围约为0.5B,对围岩空间主应力和剪应力的影响范围约1.0B,对围岩位移和屈服接近度的影响范围分别为2.0B和1.0B.对高地应力区深埋隧道围岩稳定性分析、确定合理的支护措施以及制定合理的开挖方案具有重要的意义.     

尿素深施条件下模拟稻田中氮磷的动态特征及其降污潜力分析

采用室外微区模拟试验,于水稻返青生长期,采用尿素造型深施方式,在3、7和11cm等3个不同施肥深度处理(分别表示为t-3、t-7、t-11)条件下,对田面水和土壤中氮、磷、以及悬浮物(SS)等主要污染物的动态特征及其降污潜力进行了研究。结果表明,尿素深施后5～7d内,田面水中氮素呈总体下降趋势,于第7d后达较低的浓度水平;硝氮(NO3--N)各处理间浓度差异较小,但整体上要高于铵氮(NH4+-N),就污染源而言,田面水NO3--N负荷不容忽视。田面水氮素浓度与尿素深施处理没有相关性。与对照处理撒施(表示为t-c)相比,深施处理的田面水中氮素浓度可分别降低NO3--N 29%～47%、NH4+-N 64%～89%、总氮(TN)79%～97%。t-3和t-7的田面水总磷(TP)和可溶性磷(DP)浓度都处于较高水平,与t-7和t-3相比较,t-11可分别降低TP浓度32%～73%、DP浓度92%～99%以及SS浓度50%～80%。因此,尿素造型深施至11cm左右,具有显著的减排降污潜力,是控制农田面源污染的有效措施之一。     

Response of the northwestern Pacific upper water δ~(13)C to the last deglacial ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean

The deglacial δ~13C minimum events that originated from the ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean around Antarctica, have been recorded in a range of marine sediments from the southern to tropical oceans in late Pleistocene. However, the broad δ~13C minimum event was also reported as far as to the northern middle latitudes, in northwestern Pacific marginal sea areas, during the last deglaciation. In the northwestern Pacific, forcing from the northern high latitudes is strongly expressed, while the records of in- fluence from the southern high latitudes are few. The Kuroshio Source Region (KSR) forms a boundary between the northwestern Pacific and the southern, tropical Pacific. So, high-resolution planktonic foraminiferal records in core MD06-3054 from the KSR are well positioned to identify signals from the southern hemisphere in the northwestern Pacific. Planktonic foraminiferal tests from the upper 1030 cm of the core were subject to AMS14C, carbon and oxygen isotopic measurements. A negative excursion was found to occur from about 20.0-6.0 ka BP in δ~13C records of both surface (Globigerinoides ruber) and subsurface (Pulleni- atina obliquiloculata) dwellers, but the overall trends of the two curves have reversed since 26.5 ka BP. Moreover, the δ~13C rec- ord of G. ruber (the surface dweller) shows a robust link to the record of atmospheric CO2, and its changes precede the records of P. obliquiloculata (the subsurface dweller). According to the hydrologic conditions, the broad δ~13C minimum event recorded in the KSR is also a response to the increasing ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean around Antarctica during the last deglaciation. The inconsistency between the records of the surface and subsurface dwellers was possibly caused by the ways that the low δ~13C signal was transmitted. Subsurface water primarily received the low δ~13C signal from the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), whereas the surface water was probably mainly impacted by atmospheric CO2 in the KSR. The records from the KSR confirm the deduction that the broad δ~13C minimum event in the Okinawa Trough was due to the impact of tropical Pacific surface water dur- ing the last deglaciation, and suggest that signals from the southern high latitudes also can be delivered to the northern middle latitudes.     

脑深部神经刺激微电极的表面改性研究

为了提高脑深部刺激电极的生物相容性,降低脑组织的免疫反应,减少或抑制电极周围包裹物的形成,对电极植入端聚氨酯材料进行了表面改性处理.首先用N₂/H₂进行等离子体处理,在电极表面生成活性基团——氨基,再利用电极表面的氨基基团与YIGSR多肽分子发生聚合反应,从而实现在电极表面修饰上对神经细胞具有促进生长作用的多肽分子.改性电极的大鼠植入实验结果发现,改性电极能够在一定程度上减少胶质包裹物的形成,有利于电极与神经细胞之间接触,增加有效刺激体积,证明了电极聚氨酯材料表面接枝聚合生物大分子的可行性,对今后电极表面改性的深入研究具有一定的参考意义.