外源性细胞色素C对脓毒症小鼠心肌TGF-β1和Smad1/5/8影响的实验研究

目的 探讨外源性细胞色素c (Cytc)对脓毒症小鼠心肌TGF-β1和Smad1/5/8的作用及影响.方法 雄性昆明小鼠78只,随机分为假手术组( Sham)、脓毒症组(CLP)、细胞色素C处理组(T).CLP组和T组用盲肠结扎穿孔法造模,Sham组仅开腹翻动盲肠.24 h造模成功后,T组经尾静脉注射外源性Cyt c(20 mg/kg)、Sham组和CLP组分别经尾静脉注射150(1生理盐水.30 min后以0、6h、12 h点取材,每个时间点5只小鼠,测左心室收缩压(LVSP)、左心室舒张末期压(LVEDP)、左室内压力变化最大上升和下降速率(LV±dp/dt-max);取心肌组织分别做组织学检查、RT-PCR和Western-Blot检测TGF-β1和Smad1/5/8蛋白的表达;24h点留取电镜标本,余下的小鼠观察生存率.结果 与CLP组比较,T组一般情况好转,生存率提高,病理学改善;LVSP、LVEDP和LV±dp/dt-max提高(P＜0.05);各组TGF-β1和Smad1/5/8蛋白均有表达,CLP组表达明显增加,经外源性Cytc干预后蛋白表达减少,CLP组与其它组比较差别有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 外源性Cytc逆转脓毒症小鼠心肌线粒体功能抑制和心肌抑制,改善心功能.     

Daphniola Radoman, 1973 (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae): shell biometry,mtDNA, and the Pliocene flooding

Shell biometry and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) mtDNA were studied in Daphniola exigua (Schmidt, 1856), D. graeca Radoman, 1973 Radoman, P. 1973. New classification of fresh and brackish water Prosobranchia from the Balkans and Asia Minor.. Posebna Izdanja, Prirodnjacki Musej u Beogradu, 32: 1–30.  [Google Scholar], and D. louisi Falniowski and Szarowska, 2000 Falniowski, A. and Szarowska, M. 2000. A new species of Daphniola Radoman, 1973 (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from Greece.. Folia Malacologica, 8: 181–188.  [Google Scholar] from Greece. Principal component analysis of shell morphometry confirmed the distinctness of D. louisi along the PC3 axis. Kimura 2‐parameter (K2P) genetic distances within D. graeca and D. exigua were 0.016 and 0.003–0.008, respectively, all D. louisi sequences were identical. The distance between D. exigua and D. graeca was 0.013–0.027. The distances between D. louisi and D. graeca, and D. louisi and D. exigua, were 0.098–0.110 and 0.091–0.096, respectively. The mean distance between D. louisi and the other Daphniola species was 0.098±0.007, while between the eight Daphniola specimens and the so far closest species Grossuana codreanui (Grossu, 1946) was 0.102–0.123. A maximum likelihood tree was constructed for all Daphniola, with Grossuana codreanui and Bythinella austriaca (Frauenfeld, 1856) as an outgroup. This confirmed that D. louisi is a distinct species, and must have diverged after the Pliocene marine transgression.     

Arachidonic acid signaling is involved in the mechanism of imidazoline-induced K<Subscript>ATP</Subscript> channel-independent stimulation of insulin secretion

The mechanism by which the novel, pure glucose-dependent insulinotropic, imidazoline derivative BL11282 promotes insulin secretion in pancreatic islets has been investigated. The roles of K_ATP channels, α₂-adrenoreceptors, the I₁-receptor-phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase (PC-PLC) pathway and arachidonic acid signaling in BL11282 potentiation of insulin secretion in pancreatic islets were studied. Using SUR1^(-/-) deficient mice, the previous notion that the insulinotropic activity of BL11282 is not related to its interaction with K_ATP channels was confirmed. Insulinotropic activity of BL11282 was not related to its effect on α₂-adrenoreceptors, I₁-imidazoline receptors or PC-PLC. BL11282 significantly increased [³H]arachidonic acid production. This effect was abolished in the presence of the iPLA₂ inhibitor, bromoenol lactone. The data suggest that potentiation of glucose-induced insulin release by BL11282, which is independent of concomitant changes in cytoplasmic free Ca²⁺ concentration, involves release of arachidonic acid by iPLA₂ and its metabolism to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids through the cytochrome P-450 pathway. Received 5 July 2007; received after revision 18 September 2007; accepted 20 September 2007     

纳米火棉胶膜自组装细胞色素c的直接电化学研究

用纳米火棉胶膜将细胞色素c固定在玻碳电极表面,制备了细胞色素c-火棉胶膜修饰电极.吸附在火棉胶膜上的细胞色素c可以与电极发生直接电子传递.在pH=7.0的0.1mol/LPBS缓冲溶液中可得到一对准可逆的细胞色素c的血红素辅基Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)电对氧化还原峰,实验求得细胞色素c异相电子传递速率常数k0为65.4μm/s.进一步考察了扫速、溶液pH值等因素对细胞色素c电子传递的影响,并用电化学阻抗法研究了修饰电极的电化学行为.     

细胞色素C修饰电极的制备和性能研究

通过自组装法,把血红蛋白细胞色素C固定于导电聚合物(聚谷氨酸)层,制作成一种微型生物传感器,检测其对过氧化氢和亚硝酸钠的响应.实验发现谷氨酸具有一定的电化学活性,循环伏安图在-0.35 V和-0.05 V出现一对氧化还原峰,而且细胞色素C修饰电极对亚硝酸钠响应所得循环伏安图表明,随着亚硝酸钠加入量增大,还原峰增大.通过吸附法修饰电极,把血红蛋白细胞色素C固定于电极表面,探究修饰电极在对苯二胺中的钝化情况.实验表明:细胞色素C修饰电极可以避免电极钝化的发生.细胞色素C作为一种蛋白酶,使对苯二胺处于氧化状态,从而防止电极表面膜的形成,避免电极钝化的发生.     

六种鱼巴亚科鱼类线粒体细胞色素b基因序列分析

测定了鱼巴亚科云南光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus yunnanensis)、宽头四须鱼巴(Barbodes laticeps)、抚仙金线鱼巴(Sinocyclocheilus tingi)和滇池金线鱼巴(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)4种鱼类线粒体细胞色素b基因DNA序列402bp,结合已知的云南倒刺鱼巴(Spinibarb denticulatus yunnanensis)和细尾长臀鱼巴(Mystacoleucus lepturus)的同源序列,组成1个6种代表鱼巴亚科5属鱼类的数据集.选用已知的云南鲴(Xenocypris yunnanensis)作为外群,采用邻接法、最大简约法和最大似然法构建了分子系统树.结果显示:倒刺鱼巴属(Spinibarbus)和光唇鱼属(Acrossocheilus)有较近的亲缘关系,四须鱼巴属(Barbodes)和长臀鱼巴属(Mystacoleucus)有较近的亲缘关系,而金线鱼巴属(Sinocyclocheilus)和它们的关系不能确定.上述结果与它们的地理分布基本吻合.       

Sequences of cytochrome b gene for primitive cyprinid fishes in East Asia and their phylogenetic concerning

1140 bp of cytochrome b gene were amplified and sequenced from 14 species of primitive cyprinid fishes in East Asia. Aligned with other ten cytochrome b gene sequences of cyprinid fish from Europe and North America retrieved from Gene bank, we obtained a matrix of 24 DNA sequences. A cladogram was generated by the method of Maximum likelihood for the primitive cyprinid fishes. The result indicated that subfamily Leuciscinae and Danioninae do not form a monophyletic group. In the subfamily Danioninae, Opsariichthys biden and Zacco platypus are very primitive and form a natural group and located at the root. But the genera in subfamily Danioninae are included in different groups and have not direct relationship. Among them, Aphyocypris chinensis and Yaoshanicus arcus form a monophyletic group. Tanichthys albonubes and Gobiocypris rarus have a close relation to Gobioninae. The genus Danio is far from other genera in Danioninae. In our cladogram, the genera in Leuciscinae were divided into two groups that have no direct relationship. The genera in Leuciscinae distributed in Europe, Sibera and North America, including Leuciscus, Rutilus, Phoxinus, N. crysole, Opsopoeodus emilae, form a monophyletic group. And the Leuciscinae in southern China including Ctenopharyngodon idettus, Mylopharyngodon piceus, Squalibarbus and Ochetobius elongatus have a common origination.     

纳米氧化铝模板促进细胞色素c的电催化

在草酸溶液中, 通过阳极氧化铝箔制备纳米氧化铝(AAO)模板, 将细胞色素c（Cyt c）固定在纳米AAO模板和4,4-二硫二吡啶(PySSPy)修饰金电极表面, 制得Cytc/Au/AAO/PySSPy薄膜电极. 在pH 6.8的缓冲溶液中, 该电极在0.059 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) 处有一 对准可逆氧化还原峰, 为Cyt c血红素辅基Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe（Ⅱ）电对的特征峰. 在AAO/PySSPy薄膜的微环境中, Cyt c与金电极之间的电子传递加快. 紫外光谱结果表明, Cyt c在AAO薄膜中依然保持其原始构象. 该Cyt c/Au/AAO/PySSPy薄膜电极还可用于过氧化氢的催化还 原.     

Na5SeV5O18·3H2O对K562细胞线粒体凋亡和NF-κB/IκBα信号转导途径的影响

通过MTT比色法和Western blot法检测Na5SeV5O18.3H2O的抗肿瘤活性及作用机理.结果表明,Na5SeV5O18.3H2O(0.625~20 mg.L-1)能抑制K562细胞增殖(p<0.05);药物处理K562细胞24 h,可使胞浆细胞色素C,IκBα含量明显增多,核内NF-κB含量减少.结果提示Na5SeV5O18.3H2O能体外抑制K562细胞增殖,其机理可能与线粒体凋亡和NF-κB/IκBα信号转导有关.     

铀酰离子-细胞色素b_5复合物的分子动力学模拟

铀酰离子(UO_2~(2+))的生物学毒性是由于它能与蛋白质形成稳定的复合物而破坏了蛋白的正常功能。通过使用分子建模和分子动力学(molecular dynamics,MD)模拟,对铀酰离子-细胞色素b_5复合物(UO_2~(2+)-cyt b_5)进行了结构预测。模拟结构显示,UO_2~(2+)通过配位和氢键作用结合到Cyt b_5中谷氨酸Glu37和Glu43,导致Cyt b_5的动力学行为发生轻微改变,而对蛋白整体结构几乎不产生影响。这些现象与Cyt b_5的体内形成以及作为电子传递蛋白的生物功能紧密相联。这些原子水平上理论信息的获得,为铀酰离子的毒性机制,尤其是涉及Cyt b_5的细胞凋亡,提供了深刻内涵。