甘肃华亭侏罗系Phoenicopsis(Phoenicopsis) angustifolia Heer的表皮构造与碳同位素特征

描述了甘肃华亭中侏罗世植物化石狭叶拟刺葵Phoenicopsis(Phoenicopsis)angustifolia Heer的角质层微细构造。利用化石的现存最近对应种Ginkgo biloba L。与化石Ph.(Ph.)angustifolia Heer的气孔比率,恢复的华亭中侏罗世的大气CO_2体积分数为1.274×10~(-3),这一结果与邻区兰州窑街银杏属化石植物恢复的中侏罗世CO_2体积分数相一致,表明拟刺葵属植物是恢复大气CO_2体积分数的良好材料。此外,利用Ph.(Ph.)angustifolia角质层碳同位素值估算了其水分利用率为223.0 mmol/mol,明显高于现代银杏的数值,表明当时气候比较湿润。     

羊毛微细结构与性质关系的研讨

本文采用电子显微镜技术、等离子体刻蚀、DSC 分析技术、皮质细胞分离技术及 X 射线衍射方法等近代测试手段,对地毯用阿根廷毛和中国浙江毛的微结构进行了较深入的研究。结果表明:这两种不同品种的毛纤维在微结构和性质上都存在着差异。阿根廷毛的鳞片大而厚,表面结构较致密,鳞片的纵向密度较稀,张角较大,径向的重叠数较多,鳞片间呈镶嵌连接,皮质层大部分由正皮质细胞组成,少量副皮质细胞呈环形分布在外围;而浙江毛的鳞片较薄,纵向排列密度较密,与毛干包覆得较紧,鳞片间呈对接连接,正、副皮质细胞为双边分布;两种毛的氨基酸种类相同,但阿根廷毛的极性基团略高,含硫量较低。在性质方面,阿根廷毛的耐稀碱性较强,碱液浓度增至一定值后、损伤反而比浙江毛严重。阿根廷毛的耐酸性较差,上染速率与平衡上染率也较低,但初始上染温度较高。耐生物酶性比浙江毛差,热分解温度亦较低。此外,文章中还论述了羊毛结构与性质间的相互关系以及对后整理的影响。     

隆线溞及大型溞头胸甲及孵育囊上皮的构造

本文报道了两种枝角类的头胸甲及孵育囊上皮的构造。经文献检索,是首次报道。上皮呈多角形,上皮以突起的角相接,构成了很多孔隙,这些孔隙就是血淋巴腔。背缘及腹缘的血腔都很宽大。上皮细胞的外侧是角质膜,外角质膜很厚,有多层,内角质膜极薄,且有很多微孔。透射电镜观察到成体内侧上皮有微毛及褶突,有输送血淋巴内营养物质及排除废物的功能。外侧上皮未发现特殊的构造。上皮内具特殊的胞器,线粒体能分生小线粒体、分层的球状体,还有具鳞片的分泌细胞,它们都产自外侧上皮。血腔内发现一种有核的变形细胞。内外上皮细胞间有纵横肌纤维,它们的伸缩可能与血淋巴循环有关。     

棉纤维中果胶与角质的附生关系

对棉纤维中果胶和角质层的角质的附生关系进行假设,构建了4种模型:层层式、层层-分散式、树状-分散式和树状式.通过脱蜡前后染色和草酸铵抽提对棉纤的果胶含量加以测定,经过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和衰减全反射傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR-ATR)分析得出:果胶与角质的附生关系符合层层式,角质中不含游离果胶,角质与果胶并无相互穿插、迭加或包覆,而是有着较为清晰的层次界限,角质在外层,果胶在内层,果胶将蜡状物质黏附于纤维素或半纤维素的表面.     

拉伸-定型处理对毛发鳞片层改性的异同比较(Herbig反应)

人发及羊毛等角蛋白纤维经拉伸-定型处理后，其漂白性能、染色性能以及反应性等发生一定的变化。通过Herbig反应研究了拉伸-定型处理对毛发纤维鳞片层改性的规律，比较了拉伸-定型处理对人发及羊毛纤维改性作用的不同，从而探讨了拉伸-定型处理对毛发纤维改性的机理。结果表明，拉伸-定型处理对毛发纤维鳞片表层的破坏作用不大，而使表层以下的鳞片层部分发生较大的改性。     

Repair of integumental lesions in the decapod crab,Carcinus maenas (L.), in the presence of molting hormone

Summary Epicuticle is not included as any part of the repair cuticle that closes integumental lesions in crabs receiving multiple injections of molting hormone (20-hydroxyecdysone) before and/or after damage to the integument. It is suggested that deposition of the exclusively lamellate material of repair cuticle is mediated by some epidermal factor(s) rather than by external, humoral influences.     

Biological activity of flucycloxuron,a novel benzoylphenylurea derivative,onTenebrio molitor: comparison with diflubenzuron and triflumuron

Flucycloxuron, a novel benzoylphenylurea (BPU) derivative, exhibited insecticidal activity when injected into newly ecdysed pupae ofTenebrio molitor. Mortality occurs because of defective adult ecdysis. Treatment caused a reduction in both cuticle thickness and incorporation of¹⁴C-labelled precursor into chitin, although it had no significant effect on the protein synthesis. The potencies of other BPU compounds as inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis have been examined and results showed that diflubenzuron was less effective than either flucycloxuron or triflumuron.     

Permeability of arthrodial membrane to water: A first measurement using in vivo techniques

Summary Despite differences in surface morphology and fine structure, the permeabilities of untreated scorpion sternite and pleural cuticle to water are similar (0.69 versus 0.79 g·cm^–2·h^–1·mm Hg^–1). Hexane applied to pleural membrane increased its permeability 9-fold, but neither hexane nor chloroform: methanol had much effect on sternite permeability. When sternite cuticle was treated with 1.0 N KOH followed by chloroform: methanol, permeability increased about three times over control values. In contrast, cockroach pronotum, which is 17 times more permeable than scorpion sternite, exhibited a marked increase in permeability when treated with just hexane. In both the scorpion pleuron and cockroach pronotum, disruption of the lipid barrier caused by rubbing is partially responsible for the higher permeabilities observed following solvent treatment.