Physical location of riceGm-6, Pi-5(t) genes inO. officinalis with BAC-FISH

A fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure was adopted to physically map two rice BAC clones 24E21 and 4F22 linked to Gm-6 and Pi-5(t) in O. offi-cinalis. FISH results showed that the two BAC clones were located at 4L. The percentage distance from the centromere to the hybridization sites was 72 + 2.62 for 24E21 and 54+ 5.43 for 4F22, the detection rates were 52.70% and 61.2%. The results obtained from the BAC and plasmid clones, RG214 and RZ565 of cultivated rice and O. officinalis were the same. This suggested that the markers, RG214 and RZ565 of cultivated rice and O. officinalis were in the same BAC clones. The homologous sequences of Gm-6 and Pi-5(t) in O. officinalis were positions that signals existed on the 4L. Many signals were observed when no Cot-1 DNA blocked. This also showed that repetitive sequences were some ho-molgous between cultivated rice and O. officinalis. The identification of chromosome 4 of O. officinalis is based on Jena et al. (1994). In our study, we discussed the possibility of physical map in O. officinalis with rice BAC clones.     

干旱、旱盐胁迫对刺槐生长及离子吸收分配的影响

通过盆栽控盐(NaCl)、控水的方法,研究了2个剌槐无性系(W1和L78)生长及体内盐离子吸收和分配对干旱、旱盐胁迫的响应,探讨了无性系对两种胁迫响应机理的异同及抗旱与耐盐间的关系.结果表明:(1)两种胁迫均明显抑制了2个无性系的生长,其中旱盐胁迫对生长的抑制较干旱胁迫强;就2个无性系而言,干旱胁迫抑制W1生长的作用强,而早盐胁迫抑制L89生长的作用强.(2)两种胁迫下,L78根中各离子的相对选择性比率(RSK.Na、RSca.Na、RSMg.Na)小(与W1相比).而叶的RSk.Na、RSCa.Na、RSMg.Na大,造成根中K 、Ca2 、Mg2 的匮乏,是两种胁迫抑制L78生长的共同原因.L78根控制Na 吸收和向地上部运输的能力差,是旱盐胁迫进一步抑制L78生长(与干旱胁迫相比)的原因之一.(3)旱盐胁迫下,W1能维持相对稳定的矿质营养水平,尤其是K 、ca2 ,同时根对Na 的吸收和向地上部的运输有较强的控制能力,表现出较强的抗旱耐盐能力.(4)干旱胁迫下,W1根中离子总量降低幅度大于L78,表明无机离子在渗透调节中所占比重较L78小,说明有机渗调作用加强,加大了植物自身物质和能量的消耗,造成干旱抑制W1生长的作用较L78大.     

盐胁迫对杨树无性系生理特性及高生长的影响

盐胁迫明显抑制杨树幼苗高生长，其高生长速率随胁迫时间的延长和盐浓度的增加而减小，与此同时，叶片中Ｃｌ￣－、Ｎａ￣＋的累积则增加，叶片中游离脯氨酸的累积在胁迫后约２～３ｄ达到峰值，Ｋ￣＋累积则在胁迫后约２周迅速增加，两者都是在峰值之后随胁迫时间的延长而下降。杨树幼苗对Ｃｉ￣－和Ｎａ￣＋的吸收并不同步，胁迫后期Ｎａ￣＋／Ｃｌ￣－的值逐渐升高，在浓度为０．３％的处理组比值可达１．５．同时，Ｎａ￣＋／Ｋ￣＋值的升高是Ｎａ￣＋吸收增加而Ｋ￣＋吸收减少的结果。外源Ｋ￣＋、Ｃａ￣２＋对盐胁迫抑制高生长有一定的缓解作用，但Ｋ＋的作用不及Ｃａ２＋。     

Construction of a BAC library from cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） and identification of linkage group specific clones

A bacterial artificial chromosome （BAC） library consisting of 19,200 clones with an average insert size of 105 kb has been constructed from a cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） inbred line S94, derived from a cultivar in North China. The entire library was equivalent to approximately 5 haploid cucumber genomes. To facilitate chromosome engineering and anchor the cucumber genetic linkage map to its chromosomes, 15 sequence-characterized amplified regions （SCAR） and seven simple sequence repeats （SSR） markers from each linkage group of cucumber were used to screen an ordered array of pooled BAC DNA with polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Fifteen markers gave at least two positive clones. As a result, 22 BAC clones representing 7 linkage groups of cucumber were identified, which further validated the genome coverage and utility of the library. This BAC library and linkage group specific clones provide essential resources for future research of the cucumber genome.     

Construction of a BAC library from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and identification of linkage group specific clones

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library consisting of 19,200 clones with an average insert size of 105 kb has been constructed from a cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) inbred line S94; derived from a cultivar in North China. The entire library was equivalent to approximately 5 haploid cucumber genomes. To facilitate chromosome engineering and anchor the cucumber genetic linkage map to its chromosomes, 15 sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCAR) and seven simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers from each linkage group of cucumber were used to screen an ordered array of pooled BAC DNA with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fifteen markers gave at least two positive clones. As a result, 32 BAC clones representing 7 linkage groups of cucumber were identified, which further validated the genome coverage and utility of the library. This BAC library and linkage group specific clones provide essential resources for future research of the cucumber genome.     

油茶无性系丰产性状和稳定性分析

油茶无性系的丰产性状和稳定性是油茶育种的核心要素。笔者采用浙江金华、江西贵溪和樟树、贵州黎平等4个试验点的12个油茶无性系单株产量数据,应用联合方差分析,G×E互作分析和AMMI模型分析等方法分析基因型与环境互作效应及鉴别力,并用双标图方法分析其无性系稳定性差异。结果表明,油茶单株产量在无性系间和不同试验点间都呈现极显著差异,无性系×环境互作呈现显著差异。林分中单株产量在8 kg以上的高产植株只占林分总株数的27.86%,而贡献的产量占58.4%,即林分中不到1/3的高产树贡献了林分近2/3的产量,这个比例和实生林分接近。参试的40、4、53号无性系稳定性强,产量高; 166、20、21号产量中等,稳定性也中等; 而180号产量最低,但稳定性高; 3号产量较高,而稳定性最低。     

杨树草决明复合经营中他感作用的分析

采用不同质量浓度的杨树根系水浸提液处理草决明种子,同时以不同质量浓度的草决明种子水浸提液处理杨树插穗,探讨相互间的他感作用。结果表明,杨树草决明复合经营时存在一定的他感作用。总体上,两个参试杨树无性系(南林-95杨和NL-80351杨)根系浸提液质量浓度在3~10 mg/mL时对草决明种子的发芽率、幼苗高生长、根长生长及简化活力指数有一定的促进作用,但质量浓度为30 mg/mL时有明显的抑制作用。较低浓度的草决明种子浸提液可促进杨树根系的生长,而在较高浓度下则对根系生长有明显抑制作用,但对扦插苗地上部分生长影响不显著;随着处理浓度的增加,杨树根系活力呈现先增大后减小的抛物线形变化趋势,其中当浸提液在3~12 mg/mL的质量浓度范围内对根系活力有一定的促进作用,6 mg/mL时根系活力达到最大,而24 mg/mL时则表现为明显的抑制作用。     

涝渍胁迫下杨树内源激素及其它生理反应

试验表明,涝渍胁迫时三种美洲黑杨无性系叶片脱落酸（ＡＢＡ）、蛋白质以及基茎乙烯含量比对照有显著提高,而叶片玉米素核苷（ＺＲ）含量却明显低于对照,无性系之间的各性状表现存在一定差异。综合生长状况认为,ＡＢＡ、乙烯含量增加易导致叶片衰老、气孔关闭,但不是简单的生长抑制,它们可以促进不定根的形成,从而促使ＺＲ含量提高,这些特性对涝渍缺氧条件下,植物生存和生长尤为重要。研究表明,苗木抗涝能力大小与ＡＢＡ、乙烯、ＺＲ以及蛋白质等性状在涝渍胁迫下的反应敏感度,以及能否在较短的时间内得以恢复的能力有一定关系,反应早,恢复快,则苗木抗性强。比较三种杨树无性系生理性状及生长状况认为,Ｉ６９杨在涝胁迫下表现最好,Ｉ３５１杨在渍胁迫下,生长最佳。     

6个油茶优良无性系种子脂肪酸组分与含量分析

采用索式提取法提取了6个油茶优良无性系种子的脂肪,6个无性系GLR-CY3号、4号、27号、53号、56号、166号种子粗脂肪含量分别为其干重的39.13%、42.71%、44.69%、60.18%、48.07%和50.60%。再进行甲酯化处理,并用气相色谱法分析了6个无性系种子脂肪酸的组成和含量。研究结果表明,油茶优良无性系种子中脂肪酸的主要组成是不饱和脂肪酸,油酸在油茶中的含量很高;6个无性系种子中油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸3种不饱和脂肪酸在脂肪总量中的含量分别为166号(90.16%)>4号(89.81%)>53号(89.12%)>27号(88.69%)>3号(88.47%)>56号(83.61%);茶油是非常优质的食用和药用资源;6个油茶优良无性系种子脂肪酸的比较同时也可为油茶的选择育种提供理论依据。     

Construction of a BAC library from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and identification of linkage group specific clones

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library consisting of 19,200 clones with an average insert size of 105 kb has been constructed from a cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) inbred line S94; derived from a cultivar in North China. The entire library was equivalent to approximately 5 haploid cucumber genomes. To facilitate chromosome engineering and anchor the cucumber genetic linkage map to its chromosomes, 15 sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCAR) and seven simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers from each linkage group of cucumber were used to screen an ordered array of pooled BAC DNA with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fifteen markers gave at least two positive clones. As a result, 32 BAC clones representing 7 linkage groups of cucumber were identified, which further validated the genome coverage and utility of the library. This BAC library and linkage group specific clones provide essential resources for future research of the cucumber genome.