Molecular mechanisms of BK channel activation

Large conductance, Ca²⁺-activated potassium (BK) channels are widely expressed throughout the animal kingdom and play important roles in many physiological processes, such as muscle contraction, neural transmission and hearing. These physiological roles derive from the ability of BK channels to be synergistically activated by membrane voltage, intracellular Ca²⁺ and other ligands. Similar to voltage-gated K⁺ channels, BK channels possess a pore-gate domain (S5–S6 transmembrane segments) and a voltage-sensor domain (S1–S4). In addition, BK channels contain a large cytoplasmic C-terminal domain that serves as the primary ligand sensor. The voltage sensor and the ligand sensor allosterically control K⁺ flux through the pore-gate domain in response to various stimuli, thereby linking cellular metabolism and membrane excitability. This review summarizes the current understanding of these structural domains and their mutual interactions in voltage-, Ca²⁺ - and Mg²⁺ -dependent activation of the channel. Received 25 September 2008; received after revision 23 October 2008; accepted 24 October 2008     

TiC对原位自生钛基复合材料高温变形的影响

通过等温热压模拟试验研究了原位自生5% TiC(体积分数,下同)颗粒增强Ti-1100复合材料在1000~1150℃的热变形行为.在不同的温度区间内计算了原位自生5%TiC/Ti-1100复合材料的塑性变形激活能.结果发现,TiC颗粒对钛基材料的热变形行为有明显影响.复合材料的塑性变形激活能在不同的温度区间内变化.在1000℃,复合材料的表观塑性变形激活能为536 kJ/mol,显著高于纯钛合金的激活能;在1150℃,计算出的复合材料表观塑性变形激活能为245.2 kJ/mol,略大于纯钛合金的激活能.变形激活能的显著差别显示复合材料的变形机制发生了变化.在此温度区间内,TiC/Ti复合材料的变形机制受到TiC颗粒以及基体中α/β相比例的影响.     

摩擦化学反应活化能对CMP的影响

根据质量作用定律,测定了铜膜在静态腐蚀和化学机械抛光（Chemical Mechanical Polishing,CMP）两种反应条件下的化学反应速率常数;通过Arrhenius方程,测定了铜膜在两种反应条件下的化学反应活化能.结果表明：当抛光液温度为298.15 K,工作压力为13 780 Pa时,静态腐蚀条件下体系化学反应速率常数是114.80 s^-1,而CMP条件下体系的化学反应速率常数是412.11 s^-1,同时,CMP条件下的反应活化能为4 849.80 J,静态腐蚀条件下的反应活化能为31 870.30 J,由此得出,反应活化能的降低是CMP过程中的机械摩擦作用所致.因此,根据CMP过程中铜膜和抛光垫各自克服滑动摩擦力所作的系统功,推导出CMP过程中活化能降低值的系统功表达式,并通过改变工作压力和转速来验证该表达式的适用性.     

正弦函数混沌神经网络研究

通过复合正弦函数和Sigmoid函数构成激励函数,构造了一种新的暂态混沌神经网络.对混沌神经元模型的倒分岔和Lyapunov指数谱图进行了分析.基于这个神经元模型,建立了混沌神经网络.对各参数进行了网络寻优能力的比较和分析.通过对非线性连续函数的寻优问题的解决,验证了该网络的有用性和有效性.     

Rapid reductive degradation of azo dyes by a unique structure of amorphous alloys

An Fe-based amorphous alloy was found to significantly enhance the reductive degradation of an azo dye in aqueous solution. The surface-area normalized rate constant was up to 2.0 L m-2 min-1 at room temperature,an order of magnitude larger than any previously reported value. The activation energy of the degradation process was calculated according to the Arrhenius equation,and a much lower value than those previously reported was obtained. Valence band measurement indicated that a depressed valence band maximum and a widened empty band were established in the amorphous ribbon. The unique structure of the amorphous alloy is important-it may reduce the activation energy of the degradation process and enhance the activity of the electrons,thus accelerating the degradation process.     

寓审美教育于古典诗词教学的探索

通过探讨古典诗词教学中审美教育的意义和方法,认为在高职语文的诗词教学中进行审美教育是为了强调美学在诗词教学中的应有地位,让学生在诗词学习中有意识地感受美,鉴赏美,进而提高学生创造美的能力。     

文言释义应结合语境——以新课标教材文言文若干疑难注释为例

以新课标教材文言文中“素琴”等8个词语为研究对象，比较各家的不同释义，阐明各家说法的合理性，并指出其疏漏，运用训诂的原理，说明文言释义应结合语境。才能使释义符合实际。     

林林总总“白日梦”——中国古代“记梦”诗内容综述

将浩如烟海的中国古典诗歌中有关“记梦”的诗归纳为写报国之壮志、兴亡之感伤、相思之苦情、悼亡之悲思、揽胜之旷怀、游仙之幻想、思乡之愁绪、念友之挚意、忆昔之深慨、生命之咏叹十个层面，认为这是古代诗人思想的反射，是华夏民族精神的折光，也是对弗洛伊德精神分析文论中的“白日梦”观点的最佳诠解。     

刘墉的学术倾向及其影响——兼论清爱堂家学

刘墉生当汉学（朴学）极盛的乾嘉时代,但却私淑宋明之学,这与其家学渊源和鲁中地方学术风气影响有关,对当时已流于繁琐支离的朴学,也能补偏救弊。     

电炉钢渣活性激发研究

对电炉钢渣（熔炼渣和精炼渣）在机械激发、热激发和化学激发作用下的活性特征进行研究．研究表明：标准养护条件下，电炉钢渣活性指数随比表面积增加而显著增加；热激发作用下，电炉钢渣活性指数有较大幅度提高；热激发作用下钢渣的活性指数也随着比表面积的增加而提高；常温养护和蒸压养护条件下，精炼渣都没有表现出比熔炼渣更高的活性；无论是标准养护还是蒸压养护，电炉钢渣在各种碱存在的情况下，大多表现为强度下降，仅Na2s0。或NaOH在蒸压养护条件下对熔炼渣有激发作用，提高了熔炼渣的活性．