脂代谢与合理膳食

脂代谢在生物化学上具有及其重要的作用,一些脂类物质是引起肥胖和许多心脑血管病的主要原因,但适当摄入人体所必须的脂类物质是非常必要的。一些人认为脂肪是使人体臃肿,导致心脏病、肥胖、高血压病的祸首,形成一种“恐脂病”。正确认识脂肪,摄取必须脂肪,合理膳食,避开高脂血症,走出误区是本文的目的。     

Axillary 5α-androst-16-en-3-one in men and women: Relationships with olfactory acuity to odorous 16-androstenes

Summary Axillary 5-androst-16-en-3-one (5-androstenone) levels were found to be significantly higher in men than in women but do not vary between left and right axillae, are not related to age, handedness or degree of hirsutism (in women) nor to anosmia to this steroid. In men (but not in women), levels are related linearly to axillary cholesterol concentrations but not to squalene. Olfactory thresholds for 5-androstenone varied widely, the lowest recorded being 0.2 ppb, but there was no difference in thresholds between men and women. Women (70%) found the smell repellant but anosmia did not differ greatly between men and women (9–20%). Anosmia to the smell of 5-androst-16-en-3-ol was most marked in women (90%) rather than in men (45%). Axillary 5-androstenone values were generally consistent with the musky or strong smells of male axillary extracts, compared with the sweet smell of those from female subjects.Supported by the Herbert Dunhill Trust.     

金定鸭和南安鸭的蛋黄胆固醇含量的统计分析

对金定鸭和南安鸭的蛋黄胆固醇含量测定表明:全定鸭的蛋黄胆固醇含量极显著低于南安鸭,金定鸭蛋大系、蛋多系、综合系三个品系间的蛋黄胆固醇的含量比较稳定,但它们之间也存在差异,分析结果说明:蛋黄胆固醇含量除与鸭的种质有关外,同时还受饲料等外界因素的影响,要获得胆固醇含量较低的蛋品,可从遗传和饲料两个方面进行探讨。     

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) reduces the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase in rat liver microsomes

The effect of dried oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on cholesterol (C) content in serum, in lipoproteins and in liver, and on the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase in liver microsomes, was studied in male rats (strain Wistar, initial body weight 75 g) fed on low-cholesterol (9 mg/100 g) and high-cholesterol (0.3%) diets. Addition of 5% oyster mushroom to both diets reduced significantly the C-content in serum (by 30%), in very-low- and low-density lipoproteins (in a 11 ratio to the decrease of total serum C) and in liver (by 50%), as well as the activity of HMG-CoA reductase (by more than 30%).     

Cholesterol feeding to rats does not modulate the expression of binding sites for HDL on liver membranes

Summary The binding of HDL, Apo-E-free, was studied in rats fed a cholesterol rich diet for 2, 4 and 7 days. Plasma cholesterol increased up to 16-fold (from 55 to 900 mg/dl); liver cholesterol was also raised, from 0.5 to 16 mg/g of tissue. The HDL binding to membrane preparations was not affected while the binding of VLDL was reduced to about 50% of the controls. These data show, therefore, that liver binding sites for HDL are refractory to regulation by dietary cholesterol.     

武汉科技大学教职工血糖血脂检测结果分析

采用酶标法对武汉科技大学８３０名中老年教职工的血糖血脂进行了检测。检测结果表明，随着年龄的增长，该校中老年教职工的血糖血脂升高的比率呈上升趋势。指出原因是饮食结构不合理，以及从事繁重的脑力劳动。对防治血糖血脂升高提出了建议。     

酵母铬对鹌鹑胆固醇代谢的影响

为了研究酵母铬对鹌鹑胆固醇代谢的影响,选取180只1日龄黄羽蛋用鹌鹑,按体质量随机分为6组,每组30只。通过在鹌鹑日粮中添加不同水平的酵母铬(以铬含量计:0μg/kg、100μg/kg、200μg/kg、400μg/kg、600μg/kg和800μg/kg),建立试验动物模型。分别于试验处理第29天、第50天和第70天每组取8只,从心脏采血液,测定血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量。测试结果表明:添加酵母铬显著提高了鹌鹑血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,降低了血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血清总胆固醇含量,其中,添加400μg/kg和600μg/kg铬对鹌鹑胆固醇代谢影响最大。     

The role of apolipoprotein E in lipid metabolism in the central nervous system

The critical roles of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in regulating plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels have been extensively studied for over 2 decades. However, an understanding of the roles of apoE in the central nervous system (CNS) is less certain. This review will summarize the available experimental results on the role of apoE in CNS lipid homeostasis with respect to its modulation of sulfatide trafficking, alteration of CNS cholesterol homeostasis and apoE-induced changes in phospholipid molecular species in specialized subcellular membrane fractions. The results indicate that apoE mediates sulfatide trafficking and metabolism in the CNS. Moreover, although apoE does not affect the cholesterol mass content or the phospholipid mass levels and composition in the CNS as a whole, apoE modulates cholesterol and phospholipid homeostasis in selective subcellular membrane compartments. Through elucidating the roles of apoE in CNS lipid metabolism, new insights into overall functions of apoE in neurobiology can be accrued ultimately, leading to an increased understanding of CNS lipid metabolism and the identification of novel therapeutic targets for CNS diseases.Received 9 January 2004; received after revision 28 February 2004; accepted 10 March 2004     

红外光谱法比较研究胆结石核心,成环部分及周边的成分

红外光谱法研究胆总管结石,用定性及半定量测定胆结石周边各结晶环及核心的主要成分,有地了解胆结石的详细结构,并探讨其结晶环的形成过程,随机取样２０例胆管结石,用ＫＢｒ压片法测定胆结石中各分的含量。     

中国软珊瑚化学成分的研究(二十二)——小棒短指软珊瑚(Sinularia microclavata)的化学成分

从中国小棒短指软珊瑚(Sinularia microclavata)的天然代谢产物,分离出10个结晶化合物。本文对3β、5α、6β-三羟基,24-亚甲基胆甾烷(24-methylene cholestane-3β、5α,6β-triol),24-亚甲基胆甾醇(24-methylenecholesterol)和柳珊瑚甾醇(gorgosterol)3个化合物进行了波谱和化学分析,并推导了它们的结构。